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Master gardener offers tips to get your garden ready for the fall

Master Gardener Gordon Kenneson offered his fall tips to gardeners in Windsor. Photos by Lisa Stone.

Gardeners dug into the process of preparing their gardens and other outdoor spaces for the fall at the Wilson Public Library on Sept. 14, when Master Gardener Gordon Kenneson was on hand to offer his advice.

Kenneson, a resident of West Hartford, knows what types of insects and other garden problems this area is experiencing. “I have been a master gardener for over 25 years,” said Kenneson. “I do understand the problems that local resident gardeners can experience and I am happy to help them fix the problems.”

“On the Grow” is Kenneson’s local cable show in the Windsor area. He has taken some time off to give lectures, but he intends to resume his show in the near future. He lectures at several libraries, garden club meetings, garden centers and he also works along with historical societies when they need his help.

“Some insects get a bad rap,” said Kenneson. “You may see ants on your plants, but they do not want to eat your plants. They are just sucking the glucose out of the plant, much like we milk cows. Carpenter ants are a complete other story.  They will not eat your plants, but they will eat your house. But, on the upside, if we didn’t have ants, we wouldn’t have formica, since that product is made of crushed ants. Often times, there are other reasons for the plant not doing well.  You really have to be diligent in looking for the main cause. One woman said she had a woodchuck problem in her garden. Several people offered up suggestions to her. She claimed she was able to get rid of the woodchucks by posting a sign that said “No Woodchucks Allowed.” I guess she felt that did the trick,” Kenneson jested.

According to Kenneson, the typical nemeses for gardens are rabbits, chipmunks and moles. One trick he recommended to keep these pests away from your labor of love would be to use dried blood. It comes in a powder form and should be applied a foot or two away from the vegetation. The animals will get the scent and leave the area. “Planting marigolds around your garden to keep these animals away is a myth,” said Kenneson. “Many of these pests actually like marigolds.”

Barbara Zawrothy of Windsor has been gardening since her husband passed away. “I find gardening to be very therapeutic,” said Zawrothy. “My husband was always the one that did the gardening, so I am just starting to learn how to do it. I have only been gardening for three years or so. I certainly learned a lot today.”

One tip Kenneson had for the class was to get the outdoor spaces as clean as possible. If a few leaves are in the garden, that is fine, as domestic lady bugs need a place to hibernate.  According to Kenneson, the domestic lady bug does a great deal of good for the garden. Allowing them a space to hide for the winter will ensure they are protecting your garden in the spring.

Designing A Pollinator Garden

PHOTO: A hummingbird hovers near hummingbird sage (Salvia spathacea).

As I write, the first rain of the fall season (which coincidentally begins according to the calednar on Sunday the 22nd with the Autumnal Equinox) is cheering up the forecast. The whole North State seems to breathe a sigh of relief. The color green will begin to slowly return (naturally) to our fields and hills. For gardeners, the longed for fall planting season is finally here.

PHOTO: A yellow-faced bumble bee gather pollen on late-summer blooming asters.

While there are a whole handful of things to keep in mind when considering planting a new garden, or overhauling or adding to an existing garden, an upcoming day-long class offered by the Friends of the Chico State Herbarium encourages us and more importantly will provide in-depth knowledge to attendees on how to take our region’s native pollinators – butterflies, bees, hummingbirds, moths, flies, beetles and more – into consideration when planting – this fall or anytime. Instructors for the course Adrienne Edwards and John Whittlesey, assure us that creating a garden is about beauty, about a place of refuge and wonder, about flowers and fruit and shade and walkways, and that by gaining that extra bit of knowledge and taking that extra bit of time to understand a little more about the plants that you choose and about the needs of beneficial pollinators, your garden will be all that you want it to be, simply with more life, and more health.

PHOTO: Mirror image of nectaring wasps on silver mint. Photo courtesy of John Whittlesey.

Adrienne refers to the many beautiful and colorful pollinating creatures as the “flying flowers” around us.

PHOTO: A bright yellow pollinator (wasp or fly?) stands out cheerfully against the saturated purple of verbena bonariensis. Photo courtesy of John Whittlesey.

CLASS DESCRIPTION:

Pollinators are essential for reproduction in a majority of plants worldwide – plants provide food, fiber, medicines, and beauty. Yet pollinators quite often are rare in our modern urban and suburban landscapes.

PHOTO: A tiny green bee covered in the pollen of native hibiscus.

Learn how to design a garden to encourage native pollinators by a) using plants that provide overlapping nectar, pollen, and larval food resources, b) providing pollinator nesting habitat, and c) eliminating the use of pesticides that kill non-target pollinators.

We will discuss the various pollinators (and associates) that can be encouraged in our gardens through thoughtful planning. We will also visit some pollinator-friendly gardens to discuss plant selection, placement and care of a garden that cultivates a thriving habitat for a wide range of pollinators and insect life, enriching the color, diversity, and health of your garden!

PHOTO: A yellow swallowtail hangs from the mellow mauve of a joe-pye weed (Eupatorium purpureum) flower head. Photo courtesy of John Whittlesey.

The instructors for this workshop are John Whittlesey, founder and owner of Canyon Creek Nursery, outside of Oroville, until recently Horticulture Chair of the Mount Lassen Chapter of the California Native Plant Society, and part-time instructor for the California School of Landscape Design, outside of Auburn, and Adrienne Edwards, Adjunct Faculty at Chico State, botanist, ecologist, and arborist. Both are board members of Friends of the Chico State Herbarium.

The workshop will meet Saturday, September 28, 2013, from 9:00 a.m. to around 3:00 p.m., starting in Holt Hall room 129 at CSU Chico, and later car-pooling to garden sites. Registration is $100.00 personal, $90.00 for members of Friends of the Herbarium, $40.00 student (only 2 seats available at the student price). Please register in advance; class size is limited to 25 participants, class cancelled without a minimum of 8 participants. For more information about workshop content please contact John Whittlesey at johnccnd@gmail.com or Adrienne Edwards at aledwards@csuchico.edu. For information about workshop registration please contact the Biology office at (530) 898-5356 or jbraden@csuchico.edu.

Adrienne and John are both native plant experts, active members of the Mt. Lassen Chapter of the California Native Plant Society, and both involved in the design and construction of several regional public gardens, including a Native Plant Pollinator Garden at Gateway Science Museum in Chico.

PHOTO: Squash bee gathering pollen. Squash bees are important specialist native solitary bees of two genera, Peponapis and Xenoglossa. Females forage at the flowers of squashes, pumpkins and gourds, their sole pollen hosts. Photo courtesy of John Whittlesey.

Adrienne is an ongoing advocate for educating children about the fun and wonder of native plants and healthy eco-system based gardens and landscapes. John is the co-creator of a traveling exhibit on the native pollinators, “Pollinators: Keeping Company with Flowers”, which was on display at Gateway Science Museum from April to December of 2012. Between them, Adrienne and John have years of experience and more passion for this subject than you’re likely to find in any one room.

PHOTO: A healthy vibrant home-garden designed by Bernadette Balics of Ecological Landscape Design in Davis. This garden is outfitted with plenty of food, water and shelter for visiting pollinators.

A few keys things to keep in mind, they both emphasize, when working to welcome pollinators into your garden, include:

1. Pollinators have the same needs that we have: food, clean-fresh water, shelter.
2. Pollinators have these needs at all stages of their lives, when they are eggs, whey they are caterpillars (if this is one of their life stages), when they are dormant and/or not eating, and when they are at their maturity and reproducing. They eat different things at each stage of their life and so knowing what some of your favorite pollinators eat at each stage of their lives will support them that much more.
3. Pollinators have these needs year-round. With this in mind, if you can provide 1 – 3 different pollen/nectar sources in your garden in bloom from January – November, not only will you have a full-season garden, you will also be more fully supportive of our pollinator populations.
Photo: Photo courtesy of John Whittlesey.
4. Not all flowers provide the same level or quality of pollen and nectar. When choosing among the flowering plants you love, choose ones that provide a good amount of both. Some plant families, and some individual plant species are just better at supporting a wide range of pollinators.
Photo: Photo courtesy of John Whittlesey.
5. A wide range of flower color and form will bring a wider range of pollinator types.
6. A consistent source of clean fresh water is essential. This can be an elaborate pond or fountain or as easy an element as a drip-rock or bird bath that is flushed regularly with an irrigation hose attached to it.
7. If you want to welcome pollinators, pesticides have no place in your garden. If you feel you must use one, choose carefully, read the instructions carefully and apply carefully so as not to harm more than you intend to.

8. Don’t be too tidy – a garden that welcomes pollinators will have sites for nesting and resting – small debris piles, some dead branches or twigs, good duff on some of the ground, some bare soil in other areas.
9. Have fun with it. You want your garden to be an oasis for you – it will be that much more lively and lovely if it is also an oasis for birds, bees, butterflies, flies, moths and more.

Follow Jewellgarden.com/In a North State Garden on Facebook – Like us today!

To submit plant/gardening related events/classes to the Jewellgarden.com on-line Calendar of Regional Gardening Events, send the pertinent information to me at: Jennifer@jewellgarden.com
Did you know I send out a weekly email with information about upcoming topics and gardening related events? If you would like to be added to the mailing list, send an email to Jennifer@jewellgarden.com.

In a North State Garden is a weekly Northstate Public Radio and web-based program celebrating the art, craft and science of home gardening in Northern California. It is made possible in part by the Gateway Science Museum – Exploring the Natural History of the North State and on the campus of CSU, Chico. In a North State Garden is conceived, written, photographed and hosted by Jennifer Jewell – all rights reserved jewellgarden.com. In a North State Garden airs on Northstate Public Radio Saturday mornings at 7:34 AM Pacific time and Sunday morning at 8:34 AM Pacific time.

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Residents urged to keep fit as outdoor fitness equipment fitted at park

Residents urged to keep fit as outdoor fitness equipment fitted at park

OUTDOOR fitness equipment has been fitted into a Ferryhill park to help users keep active and fit during their visits.

Ferryhill Town Council secured the funding to pay for outdoor fitness equipment which has been fitted at the Dean Bank Park.

The funding for the project came from Premier Waste Management Landfill Communities Fund.

The scheme formed part of a major scheme to regenerate the Dean Bank Park. It is hoped to install new seating and to carry out landscaping.

A multi-use games area and new play equipment has already been fitted at the site.

A council spokesman said: ““The town council and the Friends of Dean Bank Park community group, who campaigned for this project are thrilled that their ideas have been brought to fruition.

“The project demonstrates just what can be achieved when the town council and local community work in partnership together.

“On behalf of both the town council and the Friends group I would like to say a huge thank you to Premier Waste Management who has made this project possible.”

Dean Bank Park is also one of five sites maintained by the town council to secure the prestigious Green Flag status in 2013.

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Pitt campus finding cohesion of architectural style – Tribune

When you think of the University of Pittsburgh, you can’t help but envision the imposing 42-story Cathedral of Learning, with its inspiring Nationality Rooms, and, of course, the nearby Heinz Memorial Chapel — one of the finest college chapels anywhere.

But, in most other ways, this sprawling urban campus has always been distinguished architecturally mainly by a lack of distinction — with a large number of mundane buildings in a wide variety of styles, often set with no relationship to each other.

Yet, all of this is gradually changing today, as the university pursues a substantial program of modernization, additions and new buildings in a way that promises to gradually bring some coherence to a very diverse urban campus.

New dormitories built in recent years (a fine new one opened just last month), some stunning additions to existing science and engineering buildings, and even the giant Petersen Events Center all point the way toward a better future.

Moreover, there are now guidelines in place for the use of materials on buildings and an important signage program that makes all university buildings instantly identifiable.

It has taken quite a while, though, to establish any sense of cohesion.

Pitt settled in Oakland in the early 1900s, acquiring a 42-acre site along the steep side of Herron Hill, which rises some 250 feet above the Oakland plane.

Architect Henry Hornbostel, a famous practitioner of the Beaux Arts who also designed Carnegie Mellon University’s campus, prepared a 1908 master plan for a grand classical-style acropolis on this hill.

He envisioned 30 hillside structures that would look like Greek and Roman temples, culminating in a majestic “forum,� not far from where the Veterans Administration Hospital sits today. He thought underground escalators could be used to move students up and down the steep hill.

But only five of Hornbostel’s buildings were built. Barely a dozen years later, an ambitious new chancellor, John Bowman, abruptly rejected the Acropolis idea. Bowman coveted the flat land at the center of Oakland for the university he dreamed of building. So, with the all-important support of brothers Andrew and Richard Beatty Mellon, he acquired land and set out to build his iconic skyscraper “Cathedralâ€� — to symbolize the importance of the university to the city.

Bowman sought for this project one of the best-known collegiate architects of the day, Charles Klauder of Philadelphia. Klauder did major parts of much-admired campuses at Princeton, Duke and Yale. And he did not disappoint in Pittsburgh. Although modernist architects disdained his Gothicist style (Frank Lloyd Wright once called the Cathedral of Learning the “largest keep-off-the-grass sign� in the world) he did three finely wrought buildings for Bowman, including the Heinz Chapel and the Stephen Foster Memorial.

Yet, Pitt still had a disjointed campus. Even today, it has three distinct sections — the familiar flat areas around Forbes and Fifth avenues; the side of Herron Hill, where science, engineering and medical buildings predominate; and the top of the hill, where athletic facilities are clustered along with large newer dormitories and fraternities.

Pitt had a major opportunity to expand its lower campus after the late 1960s, when it became clear that Forbes Field would soon be torn down. But it did it incoherently, with buildings that are so different, it is the architectural equivalent of trying to play baseball, football and hockey — all on the same field and all at the same time.

Three of the buildings — Posvar and Lawrence halls and the Law School were rendered in the then-fashionable “brutalist� style, but without the sophistication that it takes to make brutalism attractive. They exhibit pretty much the worst modernist ideas of the time — overbearing, cold-feeling buildings with barren plazas between them.

A fourth, the Hillman Library, has a somewhat restrained but still quasi-brutalist facade. Yet, its podium wall is intended to echo the Renaissance-style rusticated stone base of the Carnegie Library across Schenley Plaza. Inside, contradictions continue. The main floor is serene — modeled on a different modern style, that of Mies van der Rohe, with lots of warm teak, black-metal framing and plenty of light.

The later glass-walled Katz Graduate School of Business, also on the Forbes Field site, has a pleasing, dark, modern elegance and turned out much better. It’s close by the Frick Fine Arts Building, a stone-and-marble imitation of an Italian Renaissance villa. The Frick building had nothing new in the way of architectural ideas about it, but both buildings have quality.

More recently, one of the worst of the barren spaces — between Posvar and Hillman — was rescued with an effective landscaping program that leads into the new Schenley Plaza. Hillman, in turn, was enhanced with restoration of its own plaza and entrance.

Other bright spots include the Mascaro Center, a recent addition to the engineering complex that provides some sophisticated excitement along O’Hara Street, and a deft addition to the Chevron Science Center that helps make a dull building look interesting. The 11-year-old Sennott Square building on Forbes and the just-opened Nordenberg Hall freshman dorm on Fifth are both done in the now-routine Post-Modern style. Though not visually challenging, they seek to harmonize with older non-university structures around them.

John Conti is a former news reporter who has written extensively over the years about architecture, planning and historic-preservation issues.

ISU landscape students build wall for NCHS

NORMAL — A new 45-foot-long, curved sitting wall soon will grace the front of Normal Community High School, thanks to the work of Illinois State University students.

About 14 of ISU landscape professor David Kopsell’s Urban Landscape Management students got their hands dirty Friday for the project, which also includes 700-pound concrete benches for seating. The work, funded by $7,500 raised by the NCHS Alumni Association, is expected to continue today.

“The goal of this project is not only to provide NCHS students with an attractive and comfortable place to wait outside and possibly to meet for classes, but also to provide a great learning experience for ISU students as contributors to the quality of life in their college community,” said Mary Ryder, alumni board member and project coordinator.

When the alumni group wanted to do something to improve the area, they knew exactly who to contact. Kopsell and his students have been maintaining the landscaping there for years.

Earlier he had landscape design students come up with ideas for the project as part of their final exam, and the end result was an amalgamation of several student ideas.

“I love it. I’m an outdoorsy girl,” said student Sarah Kuppinger as she waited for the cue to start shoveling Friday. The Naperville senior said being part of the project will help her to learn things she can use in future work, at home and in landscaping competitions.

The wall’s yellow bricks and red accent details coincide with the color scheme of the existing building. The concave shape also compliments the curves of the existing structure, and the grade was carefully considered so water will flow slightly downhill and not pool on the surface, Kopsell said.

The wall has an added benefit of blocking litter that had blown from the parking lot into the landscaping.

Plants were chosen to withstand baking summers and icy winters and with a nod to NCHS’ orange-and-black school colors and mascot. Orange perennials were chosen along with an ironwood tree — a tribute to the Normal Ironmen that also is hardy and will be an appropriate size for the space, Kopsell said.

The plan includes paving blocks with an area that will remain covered with river rocks for now. Eventually the existing path of red bricks engraved with donor messages can be extended into the area.

Watching the joy on Kopsell’s face as he helped direct students, Kuppinger remarked, “He’s so passionate about this.”

The ISU group also worked with Brandt Bollmann, a professional landscaper whose father, Dave Bollmann, is NCHS’ principal. With a smile, he kindly showed one student when she was using a piece of equipment backward.

The materials cost about $5,000, and about $2,000 was set aside for ISU student labor. Materials were provided by Darnall Concrete of Normal.

The labor donation will help cover the students’ cost for participating in the Professional Landcare Network’s PLANET career days and national landscape competition, Kopsell said.

Landscape Now: Upgrade Your Landscape With A Water Garden






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Saturday, September 21, 2013

A water garden can add visual interest to your landscaping, and it’s something you can do with the right planning.

Throughout history people have been fascinated with bringing water into their landscape and gardens…fountains, birdbaths, water gardens and ponds. The calming sounds of a gentle waterfall, the sight of Koi swimming in a small water garden or a variety of birds visiting a birdbath create a peaceful setting, bringing nature into your landscape. In this age of crazy schedules, little down time and high stress having a piece of nature in your yard where you can go to relax, contemplate and unwind is extremely important! How can you create this little piece of paradise? Let’s look at 7 tips to designing, building and maintaining a backyard water garden.

1. The Design Comes First

Whether you are building a house, installing perennial gardens or constructing a paver patio, the design must be completed first…water features are no exception. Mistakes that result from the lack of a detailed plan can cause the water garden to experience problems with leaking water, unhealthy water quality and expensive repairs! Will your garden be formal or natural? Choose a location that is visible from your house or patio and in a mostly sunny location. Site will dictate what type of water falls, filtration system and whether the water garden will contain plants, fish or is pond less. Locating sources for electric, plumbing and low voltage lighting will be necessary before digging the hole! Consult local garden centers, building officials, and area landscape contractors for advice, plans, permits needed and estimates before you undertake the project.

2. Site Selection

If you desire fish you will need plants that will require at least 6 hours of sun each day. Try to avoid placing a water feature under a tree and low areas that will collect excess water during rain storms. Keeping grass clippings, mulch and lawn chemicals (another reason to use organic lawn treatments!) out of your pond will keep it clean and balanced to sustain fish and plants. Flat areas can support a waterfalls by using the excess soil from excavating the pond to create a mound and stream leading to the main pond. Be sure to test the area for rocks and boulders before digging to save you extra work to deal with impediments.

3. Water Garden Construction

Once you have your water garden marked out you can dig the pond by hand or hire a company to excavate the pond with a mini excavator or backhoe. If the pond is a natural, free hand shape be sure to include stakes and lines indicating the pond level. The pond must be level at the top so the water will not seep out at one end! A line level or transit will be essential to determine the top of grade and water level. Ponds typically are 3‘ deep so fish can survive winter conditions and are a safe depth for children that might wander in. Creating shallow ledges around the edges of the pond are important for water plants, to hold stones from sliding and pond access.

4. The Liner Comes Next!

After completion of digging the water garden it is recommended to smooth the sides, bottom and ledges with a soft sand or clay to provide a clean surface for the liner and underlayment. If you plan to have the water feature for many years a 45 mil EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) liner will be a great choice since it adjusts to a wide variety of conditions, remains flexible, contains no plastics and is certified fish and wildlife safe. Because of the shape of a pool, the ledges and depth it is important to measure the size of the liner carefully…better off with a little extra than too little! Contact a supplier with your pond dimensions and they can calculate the size liner you need.

5. Filtration and Skimmers

In the past 10 years water garden filtration has improved tremendously…by mimicking nature. Gardens installed with natural bio filters and skimmers are able to cleanse the water naturally, without a heavy dose of chemical treatments. Equally important to maintaining a balance in your garden are the use of aquatic and shallow wetland plants along with fish which completes a natural cycle…providing oxygen for the fish and the natural breakdown of wastes creating an equilibrium for plant and fish survival and water clarity.

6. Plants and Fish for Your Water Garden

If you want to have fish (Koi, goldfish) you will need to have aquatic plants to provide oxygen in the water, shallow, ledge plants for fish protection and possibly an aerator to create oxygen if the water plants are not effective enough. Equilibrium will only be achieved with the correct balance of both fish and plants. One new type of water feature is the pond less feature that involves a water fall, deep basin and crushed stone. This feature can circulate water without having a pond, filter or fish!

7. Maintenance

The amount of maintenance you will have to perform will depend on the complexity of your water garden, where it is located and whether you have been able to create the equilibrium needed for a natural, sustainable water feature. There are chemical treatments that can be used to clean up a murky pond, but that can be better corrected by finding out what is causing the imbalance…not enough fish or plants, pond located in too much shade, insufficient infiltration or an imbalance of chemicals. In southern New England, if the pond is 3’ or so in depth, fish will survive frozen conditions. Place a small rubber ball or bundle of straw in the water before it freezes over to allow the escape of gases from the fish. Although water falls can run all winter long (except when the temperatures get near zero) it is safer to pull the pumps in late fall and blow out pipes so they will not freeze if the electric goes off. Water features are not maintenance free, however, with the proper design, location, balance of plants and fish they can provide many enjoyable hours in your yard as you bring nature, relaxation and peacefulness into your life!
In my next article I will discuss why fall is a great time to plant trees and shrubs and transplant plants in your landscape!

“Pure water is the world’s first and foremost medicine.”
Slovakian Proverb

Frank Crandall, Horticultural Solutions. Frank is a R.I. resident specializing in coastal landscaping, organic land care, small business consulting, writing, speaking and photography and will be submitting biweekly articles about Landscape Solutions. Frank just published his third book, Creating a More Peaceful, Happy and Successful Life!. You can read more about his book on his website, www.FrankCrandall3.com Comments about Frank’s articles are welcome by contacting him at FrankCrandall3@gmail.com.
 

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WaterSmart garden classes planned – U

San Diego area residents can learn how to save water and grow drought-resistant gardens through a series of workshops offered by the San Diego County Water Authority.

The WaterSmart landscaping workshops, offered on Saturdays at various sites in San Diego and North County, teach participants how to employ urban conservation in their own backyards.

Each three-hour class covers key concepts for water-efficient landscaping.

Participants learn to take a watershed approach to their yards by replacing turf with drought-resistant native and Mediterranean plants, according to the water authority.

They will learn how to capture rainfall through a living soil sponge rich with microorganisms that benefit plants. And they’ll evaluate their yard’s “microclimates,” noting soil conditions and identifying areas that are hot and dry, cool and shady, or windy.

Participants will learn how to select the right plants for each space, and how to group them for maximum benefit. And they’ll how to capture rainfall and how to efficiently use irrigation to minimize waste.

Class handouts will include: six elements of a California-friendly landscape, California-friendly landscape class resources, a sprinkler to drip retrofit guide, rain gardens and healthy soil, a sprinkler to rotary nozzles guide, and planning your project.

The classes will take place in San Diego, Escondido, Oceanside, Vista, at the Helix Water District and at the Olivenhain and San Dieguito Municipal Water Districts.

For a class schedule and registration information, call 619.533.7548 or visit www.watersmartsd.org/

From Gardens Installed to New Hardscape, call Londrigan Landscaping for the … – Glens Falls Post

From gardens installed to new hardscape, we offer everything you could ever need to maintain develop a perfect landscape. And with over 20 years of experience and skilled craftsmanship, we can guarantee you will be very happy with your results.

Londrigan Landscaping

Serving Queensbury Surrounding Areas

Call us at: 518-792-4128

View Our Website

How to make your garden a hedgehog haven

For the last two nights I have sat in my mum’s garden, wrapped in a blanket, waiting for a hedgehog. It comes at around 10.30, snuffling through the border to eat the leftover cat food my mum puts out.

It’s a tiny little thing. I want to weigh it to see if it will survive hibernation but, so far, I’ve failed. The first night it came and ran away as soon as I dashed inside to get the scales, and the second night it didn’t show up – perhaps because it was raining, or maybe because there was a strange figure sitting on the garden bench in the rain, wrapped in a blanket.

Recently voted Britain’s national species in a BBC Wildlife poll, the hedgehog is declining rapidly (a 2011 report suggested a decline of 25% in 10 years). There are numerous factors linked to its demise, including a loss of habitat in the countryside and use of pesticides. Many are killed by motorists each year, and others drown in ponds, burn in bonfires, are injured by strimmers or poisoned by slug pellets in our gardens.

Yet, with a little effort, our gardens can be real refuges for hedgehogs. As long as there are holes under fences for them to travel through, and ponds are made safe, bonfires are checked before lighting and long grass is checked before strimming, they have every chance of survival. A leaf pile, log pile or compost heap can make the perfect nest site or hibernaculum, and wildlife-friendly slug pellets (or, preferably, no slug pellets at all), can ensure hedgehogs aren’t poisoned while they eat our slugs.

It’s also worth keeping an eye out for small ones in the run-up to winter, especially if you see any outside during the day. Hedgehogs typically hibernate between October and March, and before entering hibernation they build up their fat stores so they have enough reserves to keep them going without food until spring. Sometimes they have difficulty putting on enough fat in time – there can be many reasons for this, including bad weather – but a few are born so late in the year that by the time they leave the nest there is no natural food available for them to eat.

I don’t think the one visiting my mum’s garden is a baby, but I’ll weigh it anyway and then if it still looks small in a month I’ll weigh it again and check in with the British Hedgehog Preservation Society (BHPS) to see if it needs help. It’s only September, so in the meantime I’ll make sure mum keeps leaving food out until it’s no longer taken, but if it’s injured or looks unwell then I’ll call the BHPS for advice.

If hedgehogs visit your garden regularly, now is the time to give them an extra helping hand. Providing supplementary food and water can dramatically increase their chances of surviving hibernation, especially if you feed them again in spring, when their fat reserves are low and they have little energy to find food.

Meaty dog or cat food is readily taken (apparently hedgehogs prefer chicken or turkey flavour), and don’t forget a dish of water. Never give them bread and milk as this can make them ill.

Why not team up with your neighbours and become a Hedgehog Champion as part of the Hedgehog Street campaign? And if you do see a hedgehog out in the day, or find one that appears injured or is still very small, then call the BHPS for advice. You could save its life.

‘Back to basics’ or back to bad stuff? – Tribune

I love hearing from readers with gardening questions as well as those offering advice. I receive about a dozen questions a week via email and another one or two per week through the U.S. Postal System. One of the most wonderful things about gardeners is their ability to share constructive ideas and advice, and their willingness to seek appropriate answers to even the most vexing question.

I try my best to address every question I receive, though it may take me a few months to do it! I keep each and every letter and email I receive, and do my best to select timely topics during the appropriate season. I get some really fascinating questions, and I greatly enjoy researching and learning about some of the more unusual topics. Many of the letters I get are concerning similar topics, and I can often address multiple inquiries in a single column. I love it when that happens.

To that note, a number of inquiries and suggestions have come in over the past year regarding using household products like ammonia, salt, shampoo, bleach, soap and others to control weeds and/or insects in the landscape or to fertilize plants. This practice was popularized about 50 years ago by a master gardener who began to promote the use of cleaners and other household items in the landscape under the guise of turning “back to the basics.�

Unfortunately, many of these “basics� are synthesized in a laboratory and are not, in fact, natural solutions. Using many of these “basics� essentially means using one chemical to replace another. Most household cleaners are full of chemicals that have no place in a healthy garden.

Another issue I have with this is that the household products often recommended for use in the garden have not been researched for their safety and effectiveness under such circumstances. They are not approved by the EPA and other certifying agencies for use in the garden. (I know what you are going to say: “I’ve been doing this for years and I have never had any problems.â€� And that may be true, but just because you haven’t had a problem yet, doesn’t mean you won’t. And some of the problems these products cause are not necessarily observable — unless you’ve got a microscope.)

Bleach and ammonia can and do kill earthworms and scores of other beneficial soil organisms and benign insects, not to mention the fact that they can burn skin and eyes and cause respiratory distress. The salt and vinegar that many folks use to kill weeds also kills these soil-dwelling organisms as it washes down through the soil. Many household products also can adversely effect the soil pH. Even a slight alteration in this critical measurement can readily affect how, and even if, certain nutrients are available to feed your plants.

Many household products also remain in the soil and on plant tissue for many days or weeks after use. Some do not dissipate or breakdown for a very long time, if ever. Bleach, for example, is made of several highly reactive ingredients that when mixed with other products can produce toxic gasses. Even soap (in all its forms) can prove detrimental to the garden. It can coat foliage and breakdown plant-cell walls if overused, and it can kill beneficial insects as quickly as it kills pest species.

In my opinion, avoid using all household products in the garden, and instead, turn to natural, non-chemical product solutions and fertilizers formulated and reviewed specifically for use in the landscape. If you aren’t sure if something is safe for your organic garden, look for the OMRI (Organic Material Review Institute) seal of approval on the label. Or, drop me a line and I’ll do my best to answer your question in a future column.

Horticulturist Jessica Walliser co-hosts “The Organic Gardeners� at 7 a.m. Sundays on KDKA Radio. She is the author of several gardening books, including “Grow Organic� and “Good Bug, Bad Bug.� Her website is www.jessicawalliser.com.

Send your gardening or landscaping questions to tribliving@tribweb.com or The Good Earth, 503 Martindale St., 3rd Floor, D.L. Clark Building, Pittsburgh, PA 15212.