West Dorset garden designer up for top award

1:00pm Saturday 6th October 2012 in News

RECOGNITION: Hugo Bugg

FORMER Woodroffe School pupil Hugo Bugg has reached an awards final for a garden he designed in Burton Bradstock.

The garden designer has been shortlisted in the Society of Garden Designers (SGD) awards.

He is one of 24 finalists shortlisted.

Entry into the contest was open to the society’s 1,100 members.

Hugo, who is now based in Exeter, said: “I am thrilled to be shortlisted in the SGD Awards for a beautiful contemporary garden we completed last year. The garden is in the tranquil village of Burton Bradstock and was designed to provide a main socialising area throughout the year.

“Elegant Amelanchier and clipped box drift though the fairly formal layout, creating a very relaxing and inviting garden.”

Hugo, 25, who used to live in Trinity Hill, Axminster, has been working in Devon for four years. He went to school at Mrs Ethelston’s Primary School in Uplyme and Woodroffe School in Lyme Regis, before going on to study garden design at Falmouth University.

He founded Hugo Bugg Landscapes in 2008 after graduating with a First Class Honours Degree in Garden Design. He has already scooped gold medals from the Royal Horticultural Society as well as being crowned Young Garden Designer of the year in 2010.

Other recent projects include private gardens in Dorset, Devon and Cornwall as well as rooftop gardens in London and a public garden in Italy.

The SGD awards cover all aspects of design from private domestic gardens to public spaces.

The winners of the award categories will be announced at a ceremony on Friday, November 9 at London’s Millennium Gloucester Hotel.

TV personality and designer James Alexander-Sinclair will host the evening.

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The dynamic trio of Jason Bagwell, Kevin Parris and Jay Moore will unveil its new garden called the Louie Phillips Memorial Xeric Garden during an upcoming arboretum event. “An Arboretum Is Like a Box of Chocolates” will take place at 5:30 p.m. Thursday at the Tracy J. Gaines Building Auditorium. At 5:30 there will be a tour of the new xeric garden followed by a 6 p.m. presentation of summer garden journeys. Dinner will follow the presentation.

Tickets are available at $30 for a single ticket and $50 for two tickets and can be purchased by calling 864-909-4654, emailing to keean@mullenhalstead.com, or visiting www.scc.edu/arboretum. All proceeds will benefit the SCC Arboretum Fund and the Jimmy Painter Horticulture Scholarship Fund.

Phillips was a horticulturalist who was beloved by all who worked with him. He died several years ago, and the SCC staff wanted to honor his memory by naming the new garden after him.

The new xeric garden has been added to the already existing International Peace Garden, The Plant Zoo, The Medicinal Garden, The Train Garden, and the Cabeana Gardena.

Xeric garden means it is a dry habitat — “low” water and not “no” water, as most people believe. The site was chosen for its poor drainage.

“We used a smart irrigation controller to monitor this garden,” Moore said. “We (put in) all kinds of data, such as the slope of the land, temperature ranges, soil type and plant types that will be used. This controller adjusts the water schedule based on evaporative transpiration.” The SCC team is focused on eco-responsibility. Evaporative transpiration is the measurement of water loss and evaporation from plants. It measures what is lost from the soil and plants.

In Nevada they encourage the use of these smart controllers, as they would much rather the money go to using them rather than being irresponsible with water usage. The theme of this xeric garden is Southwestern. There is no humidity in the Southwest, and needless to say we have an excess of it here in the South. Bagwell thinks the plants will survive here with the proper drainage.

Most of the work for the xeric garden went into the drainage system. It took one year to properly prepare the soil and install the multi-flow underground drainage system. The beds are actually raised beds in the shape of a wagon wheel. First they trenched the area and backfilled it with sand. They used two sizes of stone, and then geotextile fabric to keep the fine particle aggregate in place.

The raised beds were built over this. They used an air spade to break up the hard, packed soil. An air spade is a tool used with an air compressor that forces puffs of air into the ground at a very high speed. This does not damage the roots of existing trees and other shrubs. Power companies use this technology to trench around trees. All of this was necessary so the plants would not drain improperly and wind up drowning.

The plants that have been used are Southwestern. There are lots of agaves, ornamental grasses, succulents and herbaceous perennials. To top off the plants, they used compost and pine bark fines.

To complete the garden, Parris used the new Buffalo grass that forms a kind of skirt around the raised beds. To prepare the bed, they used a quarter of an inch of western pozzolan, which is a soil amendment. Its purpose is to loosen up clay particles they air spaded and till the soil. They planted 1,080 separate plugs of this new Buffalo grass that was bred by the University of Nebraska. This is a trial for our area. Buffalo grass is supposed to be able to grow well in heavy clay soils and high humidity while using less water than fescue or Bermuda.

The final goal of the xeric garden is to add an unusual water feature that mimics rain harvesting system overflow from gutters. It will be decorative and will be used to water the plants as well. It will run through the irrigation system and come back down from the roof.

The department needs additional funds to complete the water feature and would welcome any donations to the SCC Foundation Fund, specifically tagged for the arboretum.

Bagwell, Parris and Moore are doing innovative things with little or no funding. They are cutting-edge. Pay attention, because they are going places.

Around town

The Spartanburg Men’s Garden Club plant sale will take place from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Saturday at the SCC horticulture gardens. You can get $10 off a $100 sale. For a complete plant list, visit www.dirtdaubers.org.

The SCC Horticulture Plant sale will be from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. Friday. There will be shrubs, perennials, grasses and pansies for sale.

During the month of October at Carolina Garden World, the staff will be selling pansies to help fight breast cancer. For every flat of pansies you buy in October, Carolina Garden World will donate $1 to the Gibbs Cancer Center Breast Health Department and the Foundation for Prader-Willi Research.

The Union County Master Gardeners are looking for plants or flower displays to enter the Union County Fair that runs Oct. 16- 20. They are having a small standard flower show titled “Garden of Verses” and will use the rules of the National Garden Clubs Inc. In the design category they need designs for “Peter, Peter, Pumpkin Eater” and also “Christmas comes but once a year.” Contact Jenny B. Crocker at crockerjenny@yahoo.com or 864-427-5653 or 864-426-3646.

Written by Doug Oster

Even as a 13-year-old, Ron Kotcho had an eye for design. Walking to school in Squirrel Hill, he admired a house that looked a little like a French cottage but grander.

Nearly 40 years later, he returned to the same house to design an appropriate garden for its current owner. His design was recently selected for inclusion in the Smithsonian Institution’s Archives of American Gardens in Washington, D.C., a collection of more than 7,000 plots and 70,000 images documenting a variety of public and private gardens.

Each year, more are added. In addition to this garden, called “Le Petite Maison,” two others are included this year: Hartwood Acres in Hampton and Indiana Township and a Pittsburgh garden identified only as “Reverie.” Many already on the list are in the Sewickley Valley, including Newington, a private garden on a little more than 10 acres that dates back to the early 1800s.

The Squirrel Hill project began in 1999 when Mr. Kotcho, 59, met with the owner, who prefers to remain anonymous. It took nearly six months of collaboration to make both owner and designer happy, but it took him only a few more weeks to complete the plans.

The most important thing for Mr. Kotcho is to pair the home with the garden.

“The relationship between the architecture and the garden, to me that’s one of the most important things. The garden has to complement the architecture.”

Noted Pittsburgh architect Brandon Smith built the house in the late 1940s in the style of a small cottage on the property of a larger chateau or castle.

“The house is designed on a very long axis. It’s like looking down a gallery in an art museum. I wanted that to be repeated out here,” he said, standing in the garden.

Each room in the home is mirrored in the garden. As visitors walk inside, they see through the windows a garden with a very French flavor. Mr. Kotcho calls the design semi-formal.

“It’s not totally symmetrical, but it is very balanced.”

‘Nikko Blue’ hydrangea line the edges of the beds, the blue mopheads perfectly complementing the pure white conical flowers of ‘Tardiva’ hydrangea. At the far end of the garden, a round mirror seemingly doubles the size of the garden; it’s covered with sweet autumn clematis, whose tiny white blooms have recently faded. Under the mirror is a beautiful blue Lutyens bench flanked by planters filled with boxwood and sweet potato vine. It offers a spectacular look back at the garden.

Each outdoor room is carefully thought out, and although it’s just 10 years old, the garden seems much more mature. Thick deep green arborvitae reach over 20 feet and act as the bones of the garden, looming over white phlox filled with fat bumblebees buzzing from flower to flower. Other ornamental trees and perennials, sculptures, planters and a fountain all serve their purposes beautifully.

When Sally Foster of O’Hara first saw the garden two years ago, she fell in love. She is co-chair of the Garden Club of Allegheny County’s Garden history and design committee and was the person responsible for nominating the garden for the Smithsonian’s archives.

“I was blown away by not only the beauty of it, but the care, the flowers and the color scheme. It spoke to me,” she said.

She has helped several other Pittsburgh area gardens find their way into the archives and for a good reason. “Gardens are ephemeral. They come and they go. A garden that’s important enough to get into the archives will be interesting to scholars down the road.”

It took her two years to complete the paperwork and navigate the system to have this garden approved. The Archives of American Gardens began with a donation of glass lantern slides from the Garden Club of America in 1997. Since then, the club has continued to scout out and nominate gardens its members discover. Some are chronicled simply with an historic photo Others are recognized, like Le Petite Maison, with a plan, documentation and photos.

Mrs. Foster said she and her committee are always looking for gardens that might be deserving of a place in the archives. Discovering them is like finding Easter eggs as a child, she said.

“You get to see the most interesting, fabulous gardens, but they don’t have to be estates. They don’t have to be this big. It’s the spirit of the artist who creates that’s so interesting to find.”

Mr. Kotcho had never heard of the archives before his work was nominated. He’s thrilled to see his work alongside places like Mount Vernon and Monticello.

“It was quite an honor to be selected,” he said, smiling. “Gardening is a long process. It’s a growing art form.”

For more information on the Smithsonian’s Archive of American Gardens, go to www.gardens.si.edu/collections-research/archives-american-gardens.html

Here’s more information about the Archive of American Gardens.

This year is the Archives 25^th anniversary year of our founding which started with the original donation of glass lantern slides in 1987 from the Garden Club of America. The documentation submitted to the Smithsonian’s Archives of American Gardens serves an important educational purpose by providing inspiration to landscape designers and gardeners, historic information for landscape preservation efforts, and content to writers of garden and landscape history. There are over 7,000 gardens documented in the AAG. 30,000 images of the almost 80,000 images included in this collection are available online in the Smithsonian’s online catalog, SIRIS, www.siris.si.edu.

The following is the selection criteria for identifying gardens selected to be documented for the Archives of American Gardens:

1.    The site must be a garden or a designed space.

A garden is defined as an area of plants that are cultivated. All types of gardens may be

considered for representation in this collection.

2.    The site must have the following requirements:

Outstanding and/or unique characteristics.

An amenable owner who will accommodate return visits from a photographer and sign the appropriate release granting permission to photograph the garden and allow the documentation to be made available by the AAG for research use.

3.    The garden should not have its history documented in another repository such as an archives, library, or museum.

Do not consider for admission any public parks, monuments, memorials, etc. that maintain their own archives or have extensive documentation in other repositories. AAG seeks to provide researchers with unique information about sites that have not been documented elsewhere or that are in danger of disappearing. Please consult your GHD Representative if you have any question as to the suitability of a particular site for documentation.

About the Archives of American Gardens:

THE ARCHIVES OF AMERICAN GARDENS (AAG) WAS ESTABLISHED TO PROVIDE SCHOLARS, RESEARCHERS, AND INTERESTED PERSONS WITH VISUAL DOCUMENTATION OF CULTURAL, HISTORIC, AND VERNACULAR GARDENS. Its primary mission, in conjunction with the Garden Club of America’s Garden History and Design Committee, is to collect  unique, high quality images and documentation relating to a wide variety of cultivated gardens throughout the United States that are not documented elsewhere.  In this way, AAG strives to preserve and highlight a meaningful compendium of significant aspects of gardening in the United States for the benefit of researchers and the public today and in the future.

Statement on why we document gardens:

Every moment a garden exists it is subject to the forces of change, loss, and, in some cases, destruction. A familiar and beloved garden today may become a distant memory in just a matter of a few years (or, in the case of a natural disaster, a few hours). Even the most meticulously maintained garden evolves over time to the point where it deviates from its earlier incarnation. Unless gardens are photographed and their origins and life span documented, the thought, creativity, care and labor that goes into them may be lost forever.

Gardens seldom follow a regimented design formula; they echo and highlight the region, culture, history and personal tastes that influence them. Despite their uniqueness, gardens are such a subtle and natural part of our surroundings they are often taken for granted and may not be “noticed” until they are in danger of disappearing or are gone completely. Documenting a garden helps to address the importance of recognizing its particular significance. It may take years for this recognition to occur, but when it does, it is crucial to have images to study in order to understand and appreciate the thought process and work involved in the garden’s creation. Indeed, the most frequently used portion of the Garden Club of America Collection at the Archives of American Gardens are the glass lantern slides that were created in the 1920s and 1930s. Only the foresight of the Garden Club of America to photograph what were then ‘contemporary gardens’ saved these gardens from total oblivion.

More about the AAG and our partnership with the Garden Club of America:

The Archives works in coordination with Garden Club of America field volunteers across the country to document both historic and contemporary gardens. Garden Club of America volunteers document, on average, approximately 50 gardens a year.

Please note that garden documentation placed in the Archives of American Gardens does not place any special recognition or protection of these gardens. The range of garden designs in the collection help to chart how garden tastes, trends, resources and uses have evolved over time.

Here are some resources to give you more context:

Archives of American Gardens: http://www.gardens.si.edu/collections-research/archives-american-gardens.html

Garden Club of America Collection: http://www.gardens.si.edu/collections-research/aag-garden-club-collection.html

Smithsonian Gardens FAQ Sheet on the SI New Desk: http://newsdesk.si.edu/factsheets/smithsonian-gardens

Article written for The Alliance for Historic Landscape Preservation’s News and Events page: http://www.ahlp.org/pdfs/2010/newslink4.pdf

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Olympia gets a fanciful fence

Whidbey Island metal artists Jean Whitesavage and Nick Lyle designed and crafted the recently installed botanical fence at the new Department of Information Services building in Olympia. The showstopper of a fence was commissioned to screen the building’s loading dock and to extend a green screen laced with hundreds of honeysuckle vines.

Built of hand-forged steel, the fence panels are intricately patterned in rhododendron leaves and tubular, footlong honeysuckle flowers so lifelike you can almost smell them. The fence is painted a soft gray-green to emphasize the wildlife-friendly gardens growing up around it. Scarlet oaks and burning bushes already on the site were dug, stored during construction, and replanted along with native grasses and blueberries in dense, geometric patterns.

“The fence is a gem for people to discover behind the new building,” says project manager Sally Alhadeff. The project is on the east side of the state Capitol campus at 1500 Jefferson; the botanical fence is off 16th Street.

Heronswood is resurrected

“I want to put everyone’s mind at ease … There’ll be no casino or condos,” promises Noel Higa, economic development director of the S’Klallam tribe, new owners of Heronswood Nursery near Kingston. The tribe had been looking at the 15-acre property for three years before George Ball, CEO of W. Atlee Burpee Co., put it up for sealed-bid auction last summer.

“We had this world-class garden right next to our reservation,” explains Higa. “We want to preserve it and use it for the good of the tribe.”

Ball closed Heronswood in 2006, and moved plants and operations to home base in Pennsylvania. His original asking price for Heronswood was $11 million. According to assessor’s records, it sold for $859,500.

So what did the place look like when the tribe took over? “There were six years of no one being there; it had been minimally maintained,” says Higa, adding that it is still a beautiful, remarkable place.

Dan Hinkley, who along with Robert Jones founded Heronswood in 1987, has volunteered to help reclaim the garden, offering plants from his Windcliff garden to replace those that died, were removed or damaged over the past six years. “Robert and I sense that the garden will be well-cared-for and nurtured in the years ahead,” says a relieved Hinkley.

Higa says the goal is to restore Heronswood’s gardens, and open them to the public for classes and events. The tribe is figuring out how to add native culture and art to the mix while staying true to the original garden.

Showing us gardens for a quarter century

For gardeners who’ve trekked down to the Washington State Convention Center for a springtime fix every February since 1989, it’s a shock to realize 2013 will be our flower show’s 25th birthday. The celebratory theme will be “The Silver Screen Takes Root: Gardens Go Hollywood,” with gardens inspired by classic films such as “Roman Holiday” and “The Wizard of Oz.” The show dates are later than they’ve been in recent years, so mark your calendars for Feb. 20-24. Vancouver gardening star Thomas Hobbs and popular author Amy Stewart (“Wicked Plants”) will be here for the show. Stay tuned for updates on more speakers and judges.

Valerie Easton is a Seattle freelance writer and author of “petal twig.” Check out her blog at www.valeaston.com.

A trip to New York City might bring to mind shopping, theater, dining and a much lighter wallet upon your return home. But gardeners can enjoy some superior examples of their craft in the Big Apple.

From Central Park to the New York and Brooklyn botanic gardens to Wave Hill in the Bronx, there are many options to escape the concrete jungle and enjoy a restorative visit with nature. On my last trip to New York, I checked out the charming garden on 91st Street in Riverside Park, made famous in the movie “You’ve Got Mail.”

My favorite garden destination in Manhattan is the High Line. Located on the city’s West Side, it runs from Gansevoort Street in the Meatpacking District to West 30th Street, between 10th and 11th avenues in Chelsea. The park was created on an abandoned rail line slated for demolition. Trains had not run on the tracks since 1980, and the industries supporting its usage in the area had nearly disappeared.

With the energy and support of local residents working in concert with the railroads and city government, the rail lines were spared. The High Line is owned by the City of New York and is maintained and operated by the nonprofit conservancy Friends of the High Line.

The seminal idea of creating a garden and walking trail along tracks began in 1999. In the ensuing years political, zoning, financial, design and construction challenges were met. The first section of the High Line debuted in June 2009.

This past July, the city acquired title to the final section, known as the West Side Rail Yards and blessed with sweeping views of the Hudson River and the Midtown skyline. The acquisition of this portion of the rail line will extend the park to 34th Street.

James Corner Field Operations, a landscape architecture firm, and Diller Scofidio + Renfro, an architecture firm, designed the High Line. From a gardener’s viewpoint, the planting plan executed by Piet Odulf is the most exciting aspect. Mr. Odulf is a Dutch garden designer who has designed gardens and public parks around the world. He makes great use of wild-looking plants, looking to their shapes and structure, whether their flowers are spiky spires or simple daisies.

Foliage is paramount in Mr. Odulf’s designs, a takeaway all gardeners can use. The use of grasses is masterful; their texture and movement contrast beautifully with chunky shrubs and the strong, simple architecture of the surrounding hardscape. The palette evokes the wild plants that colonized the abandoned rail line prior to its becoming a park. By choosing plants with interesting seed heads or shrubs with strong silhouettes in the winter, he has created a garden that looks terrific in all seasons.

The website www.thehighline.org provides a comprehensive list of plants used. The choices are diverse and would make a great menu of choices for a mixed border installation featuring trees, shrubs, perennials (including groundcovers) and bulbs.

One of the best reasons to visit gardens, whether on local garden tours or as destinations to visit while on vacation, is to see how plants can be put together in a pleasing way. Books and magazines cannot provide the same experience as being in a garden. Novice and expert gardeners will be inspired by the plantings on High Line.

Plants selected for inclusion on the trail are relatively drought-resistant and tough. Despite the large crowd of tourists strolling on the paths, I managed to snap scads of lovely plant vignettes. While most of the people walking the High Line were engaged in lively multi-lingual conversation, often dressed to be part of the experience that is New York, I was the gardener wearing sensible shoes, craning to get the best shot of plants that caught my eye.

Pirating a great idea from a garden visit is not only encouraged, but also a really smart way to hone your gardening skills. As they say, “imitation is the most sincere form of flattery.”

I visited the High Line in fall 2010 and this summer. Within that short time crowds have gotten larger and changes to the surrounding neighborhoods have accompanied the popularity of the gardens. Real estate prices have skyrocketed, and pricier vendors have crowded out some established local businesses, so there has been a downside to the project. Weekend afternoons can be mighty crowded. If possible, plan your visit for early morning or on a weekday.

That being said, in a city full of tourists and pricey destinations, the High Line is distinctly different, free (although a donation to the Friends of the High Line is suggested) and fun for all ages. Pairing a stroll along the High Line before or after a great meal is a treat. Restaurant choices within walking distance abound. If money is no object you can even stay at The Standard Hotel-High Line and wake up to views of the gardens and the Hudson River.

Gardeners know that growing and enjoying plants add to their quality of life. Based on my visits to public gardens almost everywhere I travel, even non-gardeners respond to verdant, beautiful escapes from tourist destinations. If you’re contemplating a trip to New York City, be sure to include the High Line in your plans. Your wallet will thank you.

The High Line is open from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. daily. Park information can also be obtained by calling the High Line information line: 1-212-500-6065.

Even as a 13-year-old, Ron Kotcho had an eye for design. Walking to school in Squirrel Hill, he admired a house that looked a little like a French cottage but grander.

Nearly 40 years later, he returned to the same house to design an appropriate garden for its current owner. His design was recently selected for inclusion in the Smithsonian Institution’s Archives of American Gardens in Washington, D.C., a collection of more than 7,000 plots and 70,000 images documenting a variety of public and private gardens.

PG VIDEO

Each year, more are added. In addition to this garden, called “Le Petite Maison,” two others are included this year: Hartwood Acres in Hampton and Indiana Township and a Pittsburgh garden identified only as “Reverie.” Many already on the list are in the Sewickley Valley, including Newington, a private garden on a little more than 10 acres that dates back to the early 1800s.

The Squirrel Hill project began in 1999 when Mr. Kotcho, 59, met with the owner, who prefers to remain anonymous. It took nearly six months of collaboration to make both owner and designer happy, but it took him only a few more weeks to complete the plans.

The most important thing for Mr. Kotcho is to pair the home with the garden.

“The relationship between the architecture and the garden, to me that’s one of the most important things. The garden has to complement the architecture.”

Noted Pittsburgh architect Brandon Smith built the house in the late 1940s in the style of a small cottage on the property of a larger chateau or castle.

“The house is designed on a very long axis. It’s like looking down a gallery in an art museum. I wanted that to be repeated out here,” he said, standing in the garden.

Each room in the home is mirrored in the garden. As visitors walk inside, they see through the windows a garden with a very French flavor. Mr. Kotcho calls the design semi-formal.

“It’s not totally symmetrical, but it is very balanced.”

‘Nikko Blue’ hydrangea line the edges of the beds, the blue mopheads perfectly complementing the pure white conical flowers of ‘Tardiva’ hydrangea. At the far end of the garden, a round mirror seemingly doubles the size of the garden; it’s covered with sweet autumn clematis, whose tiny white blooms have recently faded. Under the mirror is a beautiful blue Lutyens bench flanked by planters filled with boxwood and sweet potato vine. It offers a spectacular look back at the garden.

Each outdoor room is carefully thought out, and although it’s just 10 years old, the garden seems much more mature. Thick deep green arborvitae reach over 20 feet and act as the bones of the garden, looming over white phlox filled with fat bumblebees buzzing from flower to flower. Other ornamental trees and perennials, sculptures, planters and a fountain all serve their purposes beautifully.

When Sally Foster of O’Hara first saw the garden two years ago, she fell in love. She is co-chair of the Garden Club of Allegheny County’s Garden history and design committee and was the person responsible for nominating the garden for the Smithsonian’s archives.

“I was blown away by not only the beauty of it, but the care, the flowers and the color scheme. It spoke to me,” she said.

She has helped several other Pittsburgh area gardens find their way into the archives and for a good reason. “Gardens are ephemeral. They come and they go. A garden that’s important enough to get into the archives will be interesting to scholars down the road.”

It took her two years to complete the paperwork and navigate the system to have this garden approved. The Archives of American Gardens began with a donation of glass lantern slides from the Garden Club of America in 1997. Since then, the club has continued to scout out and nominate gardens its members discover. Some are chronicled simply with an historic photo Others are recognized, like Le Petite Maison, with a plan, documentation and photos.

Mrs. Foster said she and her committee are always looking for gardens that might be deserving of a place in the archives. Discovering them is like finding Easter eggs as a child, she said.

“You get to see the most interesting, fabulous gardens, but they don’t have to be estates. They don’t have to be this big. It’s the spirit of the artist who creates that’s so interesting to find.”

Mr. Kotcho had never heard of the archives before his work was nominated. He’s thrilled to see his work alongside places like Mount Vernon and Monticello.

“It was quite an honor to be selected,” he said, smiling. “Gardening is a long process. It’s a growing art form.”

For more information on the Smithsonian’s Archive of American Gardens, go to www.gardens.si.edu/collections-research/archives-american-gardens.html