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Impact of deer is profound


Don Davis is a retired Virginia Cooperative Extension agent. He
can be reached at dodavis2@vt.edu.


Posted: Tuesday, January 8, 2013 3:33 pm


Impact of deer is profound

Don Davis

newsadvance.com

Our abundance of whitetail deer was the subject of a recent article in The Washington Post called “To Get Along With Deer, We Need to Shoot a Few.”


It was written by Jim Sterba, a former reporter for the Wall Street Journal and the New York Times and the author of “Nature Wars: The Incredible Story of How Wildlife Comebacks Turned Backyards into Battlegrounds.”

It seems deer were almost gone a hundred years ago when game conservation programs began. The 30 million or so deer living in the eastern U.S. at the time of Columbus had been whittled down to about 350,000 in widely scattered locations.

What brought down their numbers was market hunting for hides. Native Americans sold hides to European traders to get things like cooking pots and guns. White people got into shooting deer for profit and in the time of Daniel Boone a hunter could kill 30 deer in a day.

Conservation programs worked well over many decades. Today’s whitetail population is 25 to 40 million.

Sprawling cities and suburbs are “deer nirvana.” They have a smorgasbord of tasty foods and there are no more wolves or mountain lions to bother the deer. Hunting has been banned in most residential areas, taking the other natural deer predator — humans — out of the equation.

However, people do kill deer by accident using their cars and the cost is $1.5 billion per year. There are 4,000 deer vs. vehicle collisions every day in the U.S., and 250 people die each year in these wrecks. The yearly deer deaths total 1.5 million.

Of course deer are impacting agriculture too. They browse on everything from lawns, gardens and landscaping to orchards and farm crops.

The impact of deer on forests is profound. Deer gobble up tree seedlings and other plants growing on the forest floor. Deer can threaten rare plants, not to mention animals and birds that depend on them in the forest under story environment. Sterba asserts “deer have become defacto forest managers.”

Deer easily exceed their food supply. In most places this happens when there are more than 20 deer per square mile, and in many residential areas their population is now 50 to 100 per square mile.

Hunters shoot 6 million whitetails a year and a similar number dies from disease and predators, but this is not enough to stabilize the herd. Stabilizing requires killing two-thirds of the deer each year, according to Sterba.

Birth control has been tried and it does work in places where the deer are contained by fences. It is costly and impractical for free roaming deer.

Deer have become demonized in some areas, with people calling them rats and mountain maggots. Sterba believes the whitetail deer “can resume its place in our lore, our communities and our hearts” if we can just control their numbers.

He says “Bambi doesn’t deserve this.”

© 2013 NewsAdvance.com . All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

on

Tuesday, January 8, 2013 3:33 pm.

Northern HS landscape display takes Farm Show honors

Words like “beautiful” and “favorite” were echoed by dozens of visitors walking by one landscaping display in particular at the Pennsylvania Farm Show on Tuesday.

The “Edible Landscaping” display created by students in the Horticulture Two class at Northern High School won the Best Overall Design award at the Farm Show.

The award qualifies the display for the Big E Competition in Springfield, Mass., in September. Organizers of the Big E Competition will select six displays from across the country to be entered in the contest.

Students also won first place in the plant material and non-living plant material categories for their display. The one category they did not place in was for blueprint design, which they won last year.

The landscape design contest included displays from 11 school districts in the state.

Northern High School teacher Carol Richwine had her students begin gathering plants from the school’s greenhouse and gardens in October to represent the school’s “Farm-to-School” effort. Students continued to work on the display over their holiday break, said Richwine. Their commitment to volunteering outside of class time is what brought them such success, and otherwise they would have been missing too many hours at school, she said.

It took two days to set everything up, and they finished by 3 p.m. on Friday, in time for the 4 p.m. deadline before the displays would be judged, said Richwine. They are judged by Black Landscaping, based in Cumberland County.

Swiss chard, curly kale, blueberries, huckleberries, and strawberries from the high school’s courtyard filled the display along with carrots, spinach, basil, and blooming spring shrubs transplanted from the school greenhouse.

Every student first had to come up with a design for the space, said Richwine. As a class they looked at the common factors in each design and brainstormed ways to put them together, she said.

“It’s best when everyone is a part of it,” Richwine said.

Two drafting students took the horticulture students’ hand-drawn design and created an autocad framed landscape print.

Brandon Seamans, a senior wood shop student, did the bulk of the work to create the wooden arbor at the center of the display.

“It’s real life experience,” said Richwine. “We will do most of the teaching afterward.”

The display will remain at the farm show until Richwine and her students tear it down on Saturday night.

This is Northern High School’s second year entering the contest, said Richwine. Schools must submit a plant list and final plan by Dec. 1 to enter, and must stick to that plan for their display.

– Reach Chelsea Shank at cshank@yorkdispatch.com.

Garden Club Members Collaborate on Rain Water Project

Members of the Wicker Park Garden Club and landscaping enthusiasts from around the city gathered Monday at Wicker Park to learn how they can keep rain water in their soil and out of their storm drains.

Landscape architect Gary Lehman of G Studio Design gave a lecture on green landscaping and his work with the Milwaukee Avenue Green Development Corridor project in the park’s fieldhouse.

The Green Development Corridor project is a joint effort between the Metropolitan Planning Council and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency to reduce flooding and improve water conservation in the Logan Square neighborhood.

The program involves $200,000 in grant money that the IEPA will use to reimburse homeowners for up to 75 percent of the costs involved in eligible property and landscape improvements. Designers like Lehman work with residents to fill out the applications, which are then reviewed by the MPC and the IEPA.

The program started as a way to address flooding problems along the Milwaukee Avenue corridor in Logan Square, specifically between California and Central Park avenues. The main idea is to reduce the amount of rain water running into the storm drains by implementing landscaping and architectural methods that redirect it away from the drains and back into the ground and water table.

“They went like two blocks back, or something like that, from Milwaukee Avenue and figured those are the residents that could have the greatest impact on any flooding that would go on Milwaukee Avenue,” Lehman said.

Lehman’s lecture included several examples of projects he’s currently working on through the grant program. He focused on showing the audience how he combines aesthetics and the needs of his clients with the IEPA’s guidelines and specifications about the changes required in order to qualify for a grant.


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While homeowners outside of the Milwaukee Corridor project’s boundaries aren’t eligible for IEPA grant money, the lecture was meant to educate interested members of the Wicker Park Garden Club about how they can improve their own water retention.

Some of the ways he suggested people could manage the flow of storm water on their property and keep it out of the drainage system included rooftop gardens, porous paving materials such as gravel and rain barrels to capture water to use for watering plants.

Lehman said the IEPA also recommends the use of native plants in a landscape in order to increase water conservation. However, Lehman said he thinks the guidelines should be broadened to allow for more of what he calls “high-performance plants” that help keep water in the ground and don’t require too much watering or maintenance.

“The EPA specifically said ‘native plants,’ which has specificity for a lot of lists out there,” he said. “And as soon as they say that, it narrows down my ability to create a design when it could be a little bit broader.”

Lehman’s lecture was part of the Wicker Park Garden Club’s ongoing Landscape Design series, which includes a series of lectures as well as a seven-week Saturday workshop series, according to garden club coordinator Doug Wood.

The lecture series is meant to give landscape and gardening enthusiasts from around the city ideas that they could implement in their own work, and the workshops are intended to teach them the practical skills to put those ideas to work at home. Lehman will also be involved in instructing the Jan. 12 workshop.

Despite the fact that the grant funds are only available to residents in a very specific part of the city, Wood said he wanted to bring Lehman in to give a lecture about it to get people thinking about the same kind of green initiatives in their own neighborhoods. He said he hopes that enough attention or public interest can be generated to get another grant program started in Wicker Park or other areas of the city.

“What you do is you get somebody excited,” Wood said. “And then they talk to the alderman and they talk to the SSA and they talk to historic groups, and you write a proposal for these groups to make your area that way. That’s the goal.”

GARDEN DOCTORS: Tips for properly staking a tree

There’s nothing worse than seeing badly staked trees. Has anyone seen trees that are tied so tightly to a stake, whether it be made of wood or metal, that the tie and even part of the post have grown into the bark? Or a tree lying on its side with the roots out of the ground and a stake still attached to the trunk? Or perhaps a tree that snapped in half after a stake was removed?

And all because someone didn’t know how to properly stake a tree and/or know when to remove it.

First of all, throw away the stake that came with the new tree in the pot. Leave it on until you get a better one, but don’t even consider keeping it because that stake was intended for nursery use only.

Instead, you want two stronger stakes that are long enough to reach the lowest part of the tree’s crown, with an additional 18-24 inches, which will be pounded into the ground.

Place the stakes about 6-8 inches on either side of a small-diameter tree trunk and further away, about 12 inches, for a larger-diameter trunk. For young trees that will be planted in an area that’s protected from strong winds, a 1-inch by 1-inch wood stake will work.

But if the young tree is going to be planted in an area that gets stronger winds, it should have 2-inch by 2-inch stake.

The tree then needs to be tied between these stakes in such a way that it can still sway back and forth with some movement in the breeze, but not tied too loosely so it can be blown over or snapped in half. Remove the nursery stake and slide your hand up the trunk until the top of the tree stands straight up. That’s the spot where the tree needs to be supported.

On young trees in protected areas that won’t get strong winds, 1-inch green plastic garden tape and the 1-inch by 1-inch wood stakes will work fine. This tape is used more often than twine and twist ties because it’s easier on the tree. It won’t rub the bark off, and if you forget to take the tape off, it won’t strangle the growth, but will stretch along with it for a short period of time. (It can still work its way into the bark and girdle the trunk.)

Where the winds are stronger and/or the trees are bigger, you’ll need the bigger stakes and some sturdier ties, like cut-up sections of a bicycle inner tube.

The idea of staking a tree is to use the minimum sized stake that will support it, so the tree trunk can move in the slightest breeze and flex its “muscles.” Compare it to your arm or leg in a cast. If you keep the tree immobilized, it won’t develop any strength and it will lose what strength it had.

So if you let it bend and flex, it will eventually become strong, and you’ll be able to remove the stakes within 18 to 24 months.

When using the plastic tape to tie the tree to the stakes, don’t make simple loops between the stake and tree. Make a figure-eight loop, so the tape will be less likely to slide down the trunk. Where possible, put the tape above a branch that will hold it in place so there’s no way it could slide down the trunk.

(Send your gardening questions to The Garden Doctors at pdgardendoctor@gmail.com. The Garden Doctors can answer questions only through their column, which appears twice a month in the newspaper and online at pressdemocrat.com.)

Time to change your garden’s blueprint

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ROSA VUVUZELA: Attend a midsummer rose pruning demonstration in Stellenbosch.

Cape Town – January is the time to sit back and gaze at your garden. Look carefully at the way you have designed your beds and planted up the borders, and consider what you might do differently this year.

Each year, landscape design shows reveal design trends for the upcoming year. Many gardeners look to the Chelsea Garden Show to glean the latest garden design trends, and this year’s 100th show (May 21-25) is set to be a major event on the international gardening calendar.

Kirstenbosch will also celebrate a centenary this year with the launch of Professor Brian J Huntley’s magnificent book, Kirstenbosch: The most beautiful garden in Africa (1913-2013 Centenary Edition), one of several high-profile events celebrating the milestone this month.

South Africa’s top exhibition designers, David Davidson and Ray Hudson, will be at Chelsea in May to design their 20th Kirstenbosch-South Africa exhibit.

For ultimate design inspiration for your garden, consider the 19th annual seven-day tour (May 18-26) to support the Kirstenbosch-South Africa exhibit, and which includes visits to Prince Charles’s estate, Highgrove, Lord Heseltine’s Thenford House garden, and Waltham Place, the Oppenheimer’s country estate. Contact Gill Durrant on 083 261 3961 or gill@bluesky-aviation.co.za

Local action

EASTERN DELIGHT: Visit the 100th Chelsea Flower Show in May to see how the Japanese meticulously create a water feature.

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By all means look, listen and glean ideas from top design shows, but don’t miss out on what you can do in your garden this weekend. Cool days, big heat, fierce wind and occasional rain has had a significant impact on gardens this summer.

January is the time to check your lawn, plant a spectacular hibiscus and stock up on the latest erica and protea hybrids. Follow these tips:

l Lawns: Lawns take strain in the midsummer heat and need to be cut on a high mower setting at least twice a month in January. Allow leaf blades of both kikuyu and buffalo lawns to be at least 8cm long during the heat of summer. Avoid shaving your lawn down to the roots as it will burn, and you will have dead patches appearing next month. Give your lawn a fertiliser boost by sprinkling a half handful (30g) of lawn fertiliser granules or organic pellets per square metre. Water thoroughly after application.

l Mulch: Make sure the roots of your hydrangeas, azaleas, camellias and gardenias are covered with a 5cm thick layer of pine needles or acid mulch. Visit your local park and sweep up the pine needles, or purchase large bags of peanut shells, apricot pips or bark nugget mulches from a garden centre.

A 5cm layer of mulch (compost, bark or dry leaves) on garden beds protects roots against the heat, and retains moisture in flower beds. If any soil in your garden is exposed to the sun, you have a problem. It’s time to cover up.

l Roses: January is a good time to give your roses a summer trim. Attend a summer rose pruning demonstration and learn how to trim back your roses to stimulate fresh new growth that prolongs the flowering period into autumn.

If you need to move a rose and you can’t wait for June, transplant it this month. Prune back rose bushes by half before moving.

Feed roses by sprinkling 60g of rose fertiliser granules around the roots of rose bushes. Foliar feed two weeks later with Seagro, Multifeed, Nitrosol or any good liquid fertiliser.

l Hibiscus time: These shrubs are in full flower at garden centres. Choose a spot that receives at least eight hours of full sun a day and is sheltered from wind. Hibiscus flourish in a paved, hot spot beside a swimming pool, and in large well-drained containers not less than 70cm high or 50cm wide.

Shrubs and standard varieties should be planted at least 1m away from walls. Plant in a hole that is two or three times the volume of the plant bag (75cm x 75cm). Mix in compost and two cups of hoof and hornmeal to the soil. Avoid adding chemical fertilisers at this stage as they can burn the roots.

Hibiscus shrubs hate wet feet and will suffer from root rot in poorly-drained clay soils or in over-irrigated gardens.

For the best flowering results, sprinkle a handful of general fertiliser around the base of your hibiscus once a month in summer.

l Proteas and ericas: Plant proteas, pincushions and ericas to attract birds, insects and chameleons.

Choose a sunny open position on sloping ground, or in a rockery. If your garden has poor drainage, you could grow them in raised beds.

l Perennials: Remove any dead flowers or untidy leaves from summer-flowering perennials such as agapanthus, alstroemeria, daisy bushes and cannas. Avoid letting hanging baskets dry out by watering every second day. Baskets of flowering fuchsias that get a few hours of morning sun can quickly dry out, and need to be checked regularly.

l Bulbs: Although liliums have finished flowering, continue to feed them so that the bulbs can build up food to produce healthy flowers next season.

A tablespoon of general granular fertiliser (3:1:5) dissolved in five litres of water applied to the root area will do the job.

l Annuals: Deadhead colourful annuals – such as petunias, marigolds, salvia and dianthus – to prolong their flowering period into autumn.

Established seedlings in colour bags can be found at local garden centres, and if planted up in containers will revitalise your patio or entrance.

Easy-to-grow heat-resistant varieties include petunias, bedding dahlias, marigold, portulaca, vinca and zinnia.

l Keep a garden journal. It takes the guesswork out of when to sow seed and plant shrubs, what flowers when, and for how long. Botanical illustrator Daphne Mackie has produced a beautiful Kirstenbosch Journal, published by Random Struik. Decorated with glorious African wild flowers, the 100-page journal is designed exactly for this purpose.

l What could be more practical than pots of colourful nasturtiums and culinary herbs grouped near the kitchen door? Pots are also useful for growing succulents that require excellent drainage, or for confining vigorous growers such as bamboos and mint.

l Plants growing very close to the sea are often damaged by salt deposits rather than by the wind. So if you live on the seafront, get into the habit of hosing down the foliage of your plants regularly, particularly after a few days of strong wind. Getting rid of this salty deposit will work wonders.

l Introducing water in some form can enhance the mood of a garden. The sound of water spilling from a freestanding or wall fountain is not only soothing, it also helps to mask noise from passing traffic and neighbours.

l Plants of differing structure and texture are essential in a garden for creating year-round interest. Don’t think because the garden is small that it automatically follows that plants must also be small. By introducing bold foliage and strong vertical forms into a garden you will create a better balance .

l With so much vibrant colour at this time of year, it makes a pleasant change to include white flowers such as agapanthus, gaura, hydrangea, marguerite daisy, Shasta daisy, galtonia and summer-flowering watsonia. l Avoid damage from wind by thinning out some branches on top-heavy trees. This allows wind to pass through more easily. – Weekend Argus

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Put Them To Work, No More Suspended Sentences

These articles about robberies lately got me thinking.   I know this because my ears were getting warm.   How many times are these robbers put on “suspended sentences?”  I just read about this latest gem.  He was convicted of robbery, and was put on a suspended sentence.  He then robs again.  Say it ain’t so.  I thought a suspended sentence would help this gentleman turn his life around.

In a nutshell, a “suspended sentence” means that a convicted criminal gets “sentenced” to X amount of time.  The “suspended” part means that he is “serving” this time at home, at the mall, on a street corner at 3 a.m., or with a gun in the face of a gas station clerk.   Probably playing Xbox on his stolen TV, giggling with his friends about how they plan to rob the local dollar store the next day.  To me, this does not seem like “serving” a “sentence.” 

So it got me thinking (ears still getting warmer).  Lets take these convicted criminals, and use them.  If a guy gets “sentenced” to two years suspended, shouldnt the people have this guys butt in a sling for two years?  Can he weld?  Send him to the city garage.   Does he have any landscaping experience?  Have him pick weeds at the Eastdale Rec Center.  Is he without skill?  Give him a spatula so he can scrape the gum off the sidewalks downtown.  If he doesnt like it, his other option is jail.  Why don’t we put him to work? 

We have plenty of work that needs to be done around here.  Much of it does not require a tremendous amount of skill.  I don’t know many people that can’t plant trees and sweep a sidewalk.  Not only will this instill at least an iota of dignity (a days work, what?  I’m so confused)  but may even give him some actual “work” experience.   He’s actually being somewhat productive, imagine that.  Plus, it gives him less time to plan his next heist. 

Ah yes, but this will cost money to put into play.  It’ll also cost money to manage and oversee.  It’s not perfect, and I’m just spitballing here.  I do feel however, that the money expended will be made up, with interest.  We have such an enormous resource of “convicted manpower” in this city…why don’t we use it.  It might even free up some other people for bigger and better projects. 

My ears are getting too red now.  Lets start spitballing ideas here.  We should at least start talking about possibilities other than these all too common suspended sentences.  

Lastly, I would like to encourage all law abiding folks to exercise their 2nd amendment rights.  We have a right to protect ourselves.  How many folks would think twice about jacking someones wallet when that wallet turns out to be a snub nose .38.  Stay safe Chattanooga.

Andrew Peker

Details of Brockworth’s £200000 playground revamp to be revealed

DETAILS of the £200,000 revamp of Brockworth’s playgrounds are due to be unveiled tomorrow night.

An extraordinary meeting of the parish council will be held from 7pm in the community centre in Court Road.

It has been called so the project designers Pond Landscaping can give a presentation of their ideas.

It is 12 years since any of the equipment was replaced and most of it is tatty and outdated.

The plan is to start refurbishing two toddler play areas and one junior play area at Mill Lane Playing Field and a combined toddler and junior area at Abbotswood Road Playing Field.

A Multi Use Games Area (MUGA) is planned for Pound Farm and the outdoor gym for Pound Farm or Mill Lane.

The council also wants to install a new teen shelter at Mill Lane or refurbish the existing teen shelters at Pound Farm.

City Council I-90 Tolling LiveBlog

7 pm

Mayor Bruce Bassett opens the meeting and asks the over 100 peeople in City Council chamber

John Fox, speaking on behalf of his wife Anne, who lives across the street from the so-called First Hill lot, a city owned property that the city plans to sell (2976 74th Ave. SE).

He asks that the city consider the ecclectic nature of the neighborhood and place covenants on the property, to restrict it to only 2 houses on the property.

“A cul-de-sac design would change the idiosyncratic nature of the area,” he said.

Carol Boatswain also makes similar comments following Mr. Fox.

7:10 pm

Ira Appelman speaks concerning the annual performance review of City Manager Rich Conrad. Appelman runs through a series of “injustices” of retaining Conrad.

7:12 pm

Mayor Bassett closes the public comment period. Minutes for past meetings are approved. The consent calendar is unanimously approved.

Deputy City Manager Noel Treat introduces AB 4792, I-90 Issues Status Report.

“We are just at the beginning of the process,” said Craig Stone, WSDOT Toll Division Asst. Secretary.

7:23 pm

Stone moves through the rationale for imposing tolls on I-90 between I-405 and I-5, calling the SR 520 bridge and I-90 the “Lake Washington Cross-Lake Corridor”

“They clearly have interaction with each other,” Stone said.

The 520 floating bridge replacement remains unfunded by about $1.4 billion.

Tolling on 520 after a few initial hiccups, Stone says, is “working” and about 3 million toll transactions are processed a month. The state is now looking at how to harmonize the tolling program across all toll roads and bridges in the state.

7:28 pm

Stone says travel times have increased on I-90 by 11 percent (15,000) since tolls were introduced to SR 520, adding an estimated 4 minutes of travel time to the Issaquah-to-Seattle commute. Growth in traffic on westbound I-90 has been primarily in mid-day traffic.

“We have clearly seen most of the trip increases have come in the middle of the day,” Stone said. Average traffic times on westbound I-90 between Issaquah and Seattle before tolling could take anywhere between “free-flow” speed and 45-to-49 minutes between 5 to 6 pm. After tolling, the slowdowns would take place earlier and last longer.

7:34 pm

An environmental assessment will look into a number of areas, and Stone reminds the audience of the three public scoping meetings scheduled for Mercer Island on Jan. 29, Bellevue on Jan. 30 and Jan. 31 in Seattle.

7:37 pm

Stone closes with a review of six WSDOT facilities authorized by the State Legislature and three other faciliites that are being studied, including the I-90 crosslake corridor.

7:38 pm

Russ East, WSDOT Asst. Regional Manager begins his presentation on the I-90 Two-Way Transit and HOV Operations project, which is now moving into Stage 3: East says this will enable the placement of EastLink on the center roadway, or I-90 Express lanes.

The changes on Mercer Island will be the Island Crest Way onramp to the center roadway will be closed, and the Bellevue Way on and off ramp will be modified.

“We really want people to understand the elements being considered here, the elements that go into tolling,” Stone said.

East says Stage 3 should be complete by Sept. 2016, when the I-90 express lanes would then be closed to traffic.

“By Sept. 2016 we open the road to construction to Sound Transit and they place.”

Councilman Mike Cero asks for the presentation to pause and requests the opportunity to ask a question.

Cero challenges the benefit that the community will derive from the change and asks if there will be 5 general purpose lanes each way available to the public.

“You’re going to be looking at two empty center lanes for 7, 8 years?” asks Cero.

“That’s correct.” East said.

“Will the SOV lane remain?” asks Cero.

“That decision, that policy decision, has not been made,” said East.

Cero goes on to ask if the SOV access tht Mercer Island residents enjoy will become “Hot-Lane” HOV access.

“That is very important for the public to understand,” Cero said.

7:53 pm

East also describes that the Homer Hadley floating bridge shoulder will be virtually eliminated (down to 2 feet) and lanes will be reduced from 12 feet to 11 fett in width.

“When there’s a car break down, there will be congestion,” East said.

7:57 pm

Sound Transit East Link Executive Project Director Ron Lewis presents information on the EastLink project to link Mercer Island, Bellevue and Redmond to Seattle via the I-90 center lanes. Hewitt Archtiects will be designing the Mercer Island light rail station and the link is divided into two projects. The track alignment, station finishes and materials and landscaping is now being selected and permitting will soon begin.

Sound Trasit says they will soon begin outreach on how the station should be designed and what art should be placed there. The station will be accessed from 77th Ave. SE and 80th Ave. SE and stairs and elevators will be available at each access point. Ticket machines will also be placed at the street level.

Sound Transit will also work with the city on traffic mitigation and helping to build another parking facility on the Island.

8:06 pm

Service on the East Link light rail line is projected to begin in 2023. Civil construction is projected to begin in 2015 and end in 2020, and systems construction will finish in 2021, and then a year of testing will begin.

In Sept. 2016, the I-90 express lanes will be available for construction. Sound Transit is projecting 54 months of construction for the entire I-90 segment. Sound Transit says the Bellevue segment is the “critical path”.

Deputy Mayor Grausz reiterates Cero’s question with a little more relish.

“Why does it take seven years for construction on I-90 center lanes?” asks Grausz. “We keep asking that question and we never get an answer.”

The Sound Transit representative says he’d be happy to go into more detail at another time to explain why the project will take seven years when he can return with a more detailed presentation.

“We want to deliver it in the most cost-effective way,” Ron Lewis said. “But we also want to deliver it in away where it has the least impact on the community.

Schedule will be baselined in 2014. The final timeline is not set.

8:21 pm

Mercer Island’s legislative delegation is here as well. State House Transportation Chair Judy Clibborn goes first.

Clibborn reviews some of the history for how and why the State Legislature is now considering tolling I-90. State Route 520 would first be paid for by tolls, then the state would look for more state and federal funding, and savings elsewhere.

“We have easied our way into tolling to complete a regional package,” Clibborn said. “The reason we are going to toll is because we could not raise enough revenue.”

Clibborn says that “it was decided” in 2009 that tolling I-90 would be used as a “backstop” for fully funding the SR 520 floating bridge replacement as the bond packages to pay for it were being sold to the bond market. But Islanders can determine how and where the toll gantries would be placed.

“You will always have a way to get off the Island for free” siad Clibborn. “I don’t think the state has to decide that … If you want to toll the East Channel Bridge, and charge all of those people who use the Park and Ride lot, that would be interesting.”

“I think the Island is just about split. I am a little concerned about when we start. 2016 is the date that has been set and I’m going to hold firm on that.”

8:31 pm

Sen. Steve Litzow is next, reviewing all of the transportation projects that the State Legislature is approving and must pay for.

“You cannot raise the gas tax fast enough to make up for the declining revenues,” Litzow said. “We’re playing catch-up in our ability to keep the freigh moving and keep our economy going.”

8:33 pm

Rep. Marcie Maxwell, who lives in Renton, says she understands the impact these decisions will have on Mercer Island and the region as a whole.

“East King County has enjoyed good times when compared with the rest of the county, the region and the country as a whole,” she said. “And transportation is a big part of that.”

Maxwell compliments Rep. Clibborn’s leadership and said that it puts Mercer Island in a strong position moving forward.

The Council takes a short break.

7:47 pm

Mayor Bassett resumes the meeting, with a few comments on the ground rules of how to take part in the meeting.

“We as a council intend to be representative of you … but now is your opportunity to speak to them.”

Baron Dickey goes first. Dickey says the I-90 bridge is Mercer Island’s only access route, affect the Port of Seattle, hinder Mercer Island businesses and cause additional burdens on the state. 

Lisa Belden organized a petition with over 3,300 signatures so far of residents on Mercer Island. She cited a WSDOT study that said R8A for 10 lanes

If you ask why Judy Clibborn doesn’t have

Clibborn said “I’l make sure” that SOV lanes stay if light rail come.

“This whole thing, the way this really came up was through lots of lies from Sound Transit and WSDOT,” she said.

Belden won’t yield the podium.

“This our chance to speak,” she said. “We don’t have to stand for this, people.”

Mercer Island Police Chief Ed Holmes escorts Belden from the podium.

Eva

Stowe Sprague reviews how this would personally affect her and her family. She estimated that her family makes 23 trips a week off the Island, and 20 of her trips went to Bellevue. She estimated it would cost her about $92 a week and nearly $5,000 per year.”

I would love to see more families write up their own profile and send them to Judy.”

Sprague advocates a residential cap and splitting the tolls between two toll gantries.

John Hamlin says he objects to the level of surveilance that a toll would bring to Mercer Island.

“Mercer Island residents do not want to submit themselves to an involuntary search everytime they leave the Island.”

9:06 pm

Joy Matsuura said she dislikes the toll and the Sound Transit’s handling of the Park and Ride system. She also objects to tolling because it will hurt residents locally and regionally.

Steve Shepherd, who said he used to live in Seattle, urged residents to raise their voices to affect the scoping of the tolling project.

“Represent us more forcefully, this is going to be crucial,” he said.

Tom Imrich said Islanders are being asked an unfare share if they’re asked to pay tolling on I-90

John Emeritt, asks a rhetorical question of the WSDOT and Sound Transit representatives and criticizes the elected representatives and officials.

Suzanne Davis said she was very disappointed that the representatives from WSDOT and Sound Transit will not

“The measure does not call for tolling I-90” Davis said, quoting Clibborn.

Davis said that tolling on I-90 would pay for 520

John Sievekin said he moved to Mercer Island for the community, but feared that tolling would have a heavy impact on local businesses, starting with his child’s day care.

“This is not something that should happen to Mercer Island,” he said. “It’s vitally important to have that commerce and vitality brought to Mercer Island … where does it stop?”

Michael Finn: A new twist on what tolling uis going to do. Volunteering, charity, food and clothing donations,

Claus Jensen: The idea of spending $5,000 per year on a fixed income is a nightmare. It’s an interstate highway that’s being tolled for a state highway.

Denise Joffe: Resident since 2006. I can honestly say that if I was considering moving here at a time tolling was considered … I honestly wouldn’t consider moving here.”

Larry McWilliams: “I don’t know if you can say no. If you told them to stick it in their ear, I don’t know what it would do.”

Fred Weiss: We’ve paid for I-90 twice. It gives me a pause

Steve Marshall: People are looking for a choice. Lake Washington urban partnership agreement. The biggest reason they’re talking about this is revenue. PSRC is talking about tolling in the whole region by 2040. We ought to be looking at the whole region. Maybe we should look at RTID again.

But looking at Mercer Island, and asking families to pay $5,000 a year, just doesn’t make a lot of sense. 

Joe Murphy: who lives at 77 Central, threw on his suit and shirt and tie. Moved away from Gig Harbor. 

“Please don’t charge me any more money, my rent is already pretty high.”

“We hear you and these folks in the front row hear you and I’m sure we’ll continue the conversation in the coming months.”

9:38 pm

Bertlin asks about why the state has decided to integrate a “user fee” into state transportation policy. Clibborn says it’s because there’s a scarcity of revenue and other states in the East have taken up this policy, and to Washington state residents it’s “new.”

Bertlin also asks what can be done to reduce the amount of time the center lanes would be closed.

Lewis says it’s because of weather and sensitivity of construction on the bridge  that the length of time is seven years. Lewis says he can return in the spring to brief the council on a more detailed look at the timeline.

Senn asks if this is a done deal.

Clibborn: “I don’t have another choice … We are now at a point where the only other option is by tolling.” “I think we need to look at it as how do we get the rest of the region working, too.”

Grausz asks why the state never responded to a letter sent to WSDOT attesting to keeping Mercer Island’s SOV/HOV access lanes.

Conrad weighs in: Mercer Island traffic would have access to HOV lanes when they open and would not be toll lanes, until the lanes could be turned into HOT lanes.

Stone responds and says he thinks Mercer Island access to HOV lanes is something that could be included in scoping of the study and moving forward.

Grausz also asked if Mercer Islanders could see a reduced toll rate.

“There’s probably no other community in the state that has that distinction, that half the community might have to pay a toll and the other half won’t,” Grausz said.

Clibborn weighs in: “If you went to Gig Harbor when they were the first to be tolled, they felt the same way … everytime we touch a community that has a unique place, we go through this process. That’s why we don’t do that … I don’t see how you do that politically.”

Stone says Staten Island pays a different rate in New York City. He says WSDOT is looking at the Columbia River as a pilot.

Brahm: “For Mercer Island, this is a bitter pill,” she said. It sounds like it is a done deal, so now the question is, what can we do to mitigate this?”

10:05 pm

WSDOT’s East says there’s a number of policy and cost decisions that are in place that put the state and Sound Transit on schedule to close the I-90 express lanes in 2016.

Conrad says there may be a period of time, from May 2016 to September 2016, when construction hasn’t yet begun, but the R8A project will be finished — effectively leaving Mercer Island with three all-purpose lanes of traffic, an HOV lane and the express lanes.

East says there’s an additional, unbudgeted cost to run the interstate in this configuration.

“Do you mean to tell me, there was never a plan to operate the R8A as five lanes?” asked Grausz.

East confirms there was no plan for this.

Stone clarifies that R8A is to turn the center lanes into high-capacity transit.

Clibborn says because the project timeline has slipped, a gap has appeared.

Cero asks why 520s capacity isn’t being fully used, while I-90 will be tolled.

“It’s part of a master plan to get funding,” said Clibborn.”(The toll) will not go up over a long period of time. It will at least stay flat”

10:20 pm

Mayor Bassett asked how long the I-90 tolls could be on place.

“These tolls won’t go away,” Clibborn said. “They will then be used to maintain and operate the system.”

Bassett: You’re looking for a lot of input on what to study for the coming months. It’s up to us to present he ideas?

Stone: Yes, that would work best.

Bassett: Are there boundaries to what we propose?

Stone: Is it relevant to what we’re trying to study, how do we go about doing this?

Bassett: The idea has been that we’re dealing with cross-lake travel on 520 and the I-90 bridge. It seems to me that you could

It would make cross-lake trips tolled trips, and wouldn’t

This is an idea that’s been floated with people, and Mercer Island residents like it a lot.

Stone: We call it trip building. In fact I-405 will be tolled based on distance. We’re also

Concept of operations. How will we go about doing that. This is a three-step dance. That would be a policy question.

Who ultimately makes the decision? That would be the legislators and the commission.

Clibborn: We need to get the revenue.

Bassett: People say “Don’t toll I-90” I’m looking for a win-win, and this clearly does that.

Conrad: Is it legal to toll an interstate highway to pay for state roads.

There’s a number of federal

Value pricing program.Is it legal to toll I-90 for a different facility.

There used to be tolling

We can

Federal Hwy admin said we can but it was to be used for transportation purposes.

Clibborn: I don’t think politically we would just take that tolling money and spend it on something else like transit.

Bertlin: Sadness that a philanthropic effort that tolling could curtail that. The issue of privacy also concerns me. The burden seems very unfair. The issue of where the gantires are are very important. But this also hits other entities.

Senn: Focusing on Town Center, there are many concerned that are from off-Island and there’s a worry they will seek to avoid the toll.

Clibborn: Light rail, you’ll have more choices of how to get here and there.

Grausz: A lot of discussion imposing fees on the Park and Ride, based on distance. Is that going anywhere?

Ron Lewis: The board has taken up parking policy systemwide.

Brahm: We need to find out what bridge most people are using. Will you be tracking origin and desitnation?

Stone: Yes, we’ll be tracking origin and destination.

Mayor Bruce Bassett thanks the  “Coming up with options that will be included in the study in the coming months,” said Bassett. “There’s power in number on this.”

10:50 pm

Mayor Bassett adjourns the meeting.

Finding Chicago’s food gardens with Google Earth

URBANA, IL – Urban agriculture is promoted as a strategy for dealing with food insecurity, stimulating economic development, and combating diet-related health problems in cities. However, up to now, no one has known how much gardening is taking place in urban areas. Researchers at the University of Illinois have developed a methodology that they used to quantify the urban agriculture in Chicago.

John Taylor, a doctoral candidate working with crop sciences researcher Sarah Taylor Lovell, was skeptical about the lists of urban gardens provided to him by local non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

“Various lists were circulating,” he said. “One of them had almost 700 gardens on it.”

On closer inspection, however, many of these “gardens” turned out to be planter boxes or landscaping and were not producing food. On the other hand, Taylor suspected that there were unnoticed gardens in backyards or vacant lots.

“There’s been such a focus on community gardens and urban farms, but not a lot of interest in looking at backyard gardens as an area of research,” Lovell agreed. An accurate map of these sites would be helpful for advocacy groups and community planners.

Taylor uploaded the lists from the NGOs into Google Earth, which automatically geocoded the sites by street address. He used a set of reference images of community gardens, vacant lot gardens, urban farms, school gardens, and home food gardens to determine visual indicators of food gardens.

Using these indicators and Google Earth images, he examined the documented sites. Of the 1,236 “community gardens,” only 160, or 13 percent, were actually producing food.

Taylor then looked at Google Earth images of Chicago to locate food production sites. This work took more than 400 hours over an 8-month period. He identified 4493 possible sites, most of which were residential gardens of 50 square meters or less, and visited a representative sample of gardens on vacant land to confirm that they were really producing food.

All the large sites and a sample of the small sites were digitized as shapefiles (digital vector storage formats for storing geometric location and associated attribute information) in Google Earth. These shapefiles were imported into Arc Map 10, a geographic information system (GIS) mapping tool, to calculate the total area.

The final estimate was 4,648 urban agriculture sites with a production area of 264,181 square meters. Residential gardens and single-plot gardens on vacant lots accounted for almost three-fourths of the total.

To map the gardens onto community areas, the shapefiles were joined with 2010 Census tract shapefiles and shapefiles of 77 community areas and neighborhoods from Chicago’s GIS portal. The tract information was subsequently joined with the Census Bureau’s 2005-2009 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates of demographic and housing characteristics.

The maps showed that garden concentration varied by neighborhood. “Chinatown, Bridgeport was kind of a hot spot,” Taylor said. Both of these neighborhoods have large Chinese-origin populations. Even outside those areas, many of the larger gardens were associated with households headed by people of Chinese origin. Neighborhoods in the northwest with large numbers of Polish and Eastern and Southern European immigrants also had a high density of backyard gardens.

They were not all growing the same kind of food. “There are distinctions between these cultural groups because the crops they select are sometimes from their home areas in addition to the suite of crops we can all grow in our backyards,” Lovell explained.

As people move across borders, they often bring seeds with them. “In a Mexican neighborhood where we were working, a lot of people grow a tropical corn that is 12 to 16 feet high,” Taylor said. “It’s grown not for the ears of corn but for the leaves, which are used to make tamales.”

He noted that many older African-Americans in Chicago who came north during the Great Migration from the south from the early 1900s to the 1970s remember farming and growing up with gardens. “They are almost reproducing in miniature in their backyards the southern landscape and gardening practices that they associated with their youth,” he said.

Garden type varied by neighborhood as well. Home food gardens are concentrated in the northwest, where people tend to live in detached houses. Vacant lot gardens are concentrated in the economically disadvantaged neighborhoods in the south and west sides, as are the community gardens.

Lovell said that, in some communities, more than half of the lots are vacant, and making use of them could be a huge opportunity. Chicago has a program that allows people living next to a vacant lot to purchase it at a fraction of what it would normally cost.

The results of this study suggest that both backyard gardens and vacant lot gardens contribute substantially to Chicago’s total food production.

“Home gardens actually contribute to food security,” Taylor said. “They’re underappreciated and unsupported.” He noted that people grow not only for themselves but for their neighbors as well, which is particularly important in food deserts where fresh produce is in short supply.

“There is also potential for empowering people because they are using their own space to deal with their own food security concerns,” Lovell added.

The study, “Mapping public and private spaces of urban agriculture in Chicago through the analysis of high-resolution aerial images in Google Earth” by John R. Taylor and Sarah Taylor Lovell, published in Landscape and Urban Planning, is available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016920461200237X.