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The Demoulas Trap

Secret tape recordings. Clandestine meetings. Fake identities. Nothing was off-limits when supermarket tycoon Telemachus Demoulas’s desperate legal team hatched its plan to squeeze Paul Walsh.


It was a muddy spring day when a two-bit lawyer and his private-eye sidekick met in a secluded glade deep inside the pastoral Forest Hills Cemetery in Jamaica Plain. They sat on a granite bench under the Citizen Soldier statue, an 1867 memorial to Roxbury’s Civil War dead, a spot where they hatched schemes to dig up dirt for their clients.

Their assignment on that April day in 1997 was to get the drop on flamboyant Superior Court Judge Maria Lopez, who was making things difficult for their increasingly desperate patron, supermarket tycoon Telemachus Demoulas. Her recent rulings were about to cost Telemachus’s family $1 billion in assets. She had to be stopped.

Kevin Curry and Ernest Reid were likely a little desperate themselves. A former lawyer in state Attorney General Robert Quinn’s patronage-heavy regime, Curry had worked for two decades with Reid, a self-styled Mickey Spillane who drove a big blue Impala loaded with antennas and made it up as he went along. They apparently snaked into the Demoulas case through a Lowell lawyer who tipped them off to the high anxiety in Telemachus’s camp. For two years the pair stoked their client’s paranoia, and used smoke and mirrors to explain their lack of real progress. But now they had to deliver something hard and fast—or they were out. Their options were dwindling: They needed to flip the clerk.

Back in 1995, Lopez’s then clerk, Paul Walsh, had helped write the latest decision in the endlessly contentious Demoulas supermarket case. It was the final step in the judge’s doing the unthinkable: She had ordered Telemachus’s side of the family to turn over stores and stock it had hidden and stolen over nearly two decades from the addled widow and spoiled children of Telemachus’s late brother, George. What’s more, the Supreme Judicial Court had recently affirmed Lopez’s handling of the 1995 hearing, rejecting Telemachus’s appeals that she had prejudged the case based on an earlier jury trial that also went against Telemachus. The whole thing was all but over.

But Curry had other ideas that would keep the meter running toward the $140,000 or so in fees he and his partner would ultimately collect. If he could get Walsh to turn on Lopez and admit that she had decided the winners before the case began, the Superior Court might grant Telemachus a new trial in front of a new judge.

The plan was simple but creative. Curry had learned that Walsh had his sights set on a job overseas in corporate law. With Reid’s help, he decided to confect Walsh’s dream position and lure him to a fake interview. They’d spring the trap in Nova Scotia—where secret tape recording is legal—and get Walsh talking about the Demoulas case. Then they’d use whatever stuck to the wall to go after Lopez.

Curry and Reid had no idea the plot they were hatching in the cemetery would roil the Boston legal community for the next decade. They only knew they had a frantic client, and this muddy road looked like the last avenue left. They easily sold it to Telemachus Demoulas’s only son, Arthur T., who was scrambling for options from the family bunker in Tewksbury. Then they headed north.

Paul Walsh arrived at the Citadel Halifax Hotel in Nova Scotia’s capital on June 5, 1997, buoyant about his sudden prospects for moving up in the world. A corporate headhunter, a guy named Reid, had called out of the blue and described Walsh’s dream job: in-house counsel for a London-based global firm with offices in Boston and Bermuda. He gave Walsh a plane ticket and $300 cash for the trip.

In the hotel conference room, Walsh was welcomed by a man dressed all in black. The man handed him a business card that read “Kevin P. Concave, director of operations” for a company called British Pacific Surplus Risks Ltd. I put out the fires, he explained.

Concave told Walsh he was an expatriate who had fled to Canada to dodge the Vietnam War. “We’re both a pair of Irishmen,” he said. “The last guy Reid sent me weighed 300 pounds, had yellow teeth and a Dutch-boy haircut. You’re a good-looking guy. We’re going to get along.”

Later, Walsh would testify, Concave wandered into some weird territory, mentioning not wanting to work with lesbians or gays. At one point, after Walsh said he enjoyed surfing in Costa Rica, Concave launched into an odd riff about dark-skinned and light-skinned blacks. Concave wondered if Walsh had observed whether darker blacks were poorer in Costa Rica. Walsh blinked back confusion and said he hadn’t noticed.

Finally, they started talking business. Concave focused on Walsh’s writing skills and the preparation of the complicated Demoulas decision, which Walsh had sent to Reid as an example of his work. But then their conversation drifted again: Concave wanted to know what Walsh thought about Lopez as a judge and as a person, and about her Cuban ancestry.

Walsh said he had written the Demoulas decision alone, and then foolishly he cut up several judges, including Lopez, for being lazy. Afterward, Walsh headed back to Boston, blithely unaware that “Concave” was Kevin Curry, a lawyer with offices on Congress Street.

Once home, Curry presented the harebrained subterfuge as a smash hit. He debriefed Arthur T. at a needlessly furtive meeting on a hillside near the Demoulas headquarters. Walsh said he’d written the Demoulas decision “word for word,” Curry gushed, and that Lopez had predecided the case’s outcome. “I think we got him,” he said.

The Demoulas family’s Greek tragedy began in a neighborhood grocery store in Lowell. Telemachus and his brother, George, got rich after expanding the family supermarket into a chain in the ’50s and ’60s, and after George’s sudden death in 1971, the avuncular Telemachus dutifully tended the finances of George’s wife and four children. He bought them liquor stores and expensive condos. Then an innocuous inquiry from a state auditor in 1987 unraveled nearly 20 years of familial perfidy. It was eventually shown that some of the documents Telemachus had his brother’s family sign had stealthily transformed the 50-50 business into a 90-10 one.

George’s sons sued “Uncle Mike” for fraud, and the civil case mushroomed into the costliest and nastiest in state history. One cousin punched another in the back of the courtroom. At one point, a lawyer heaved a law book across the room when a ruling didn’t go his way.

But the Walsh affair took the case to new depths. It blared the question seldom asked in even a whisper in legal circles: How low can you go?

Gary Crossen entered the Demoulas fray in the summer of 1991, not long after a stint with the U.S. Attorney’s Office. His first assignment for Arthur T. was a long-shot case in federal court, making claims that family foes had bugged the Demoulas headquarters. The headline-grabbing move—one of the key witnesses was a former stripper—temporarily diverted attention away from the grubby fraud case against Telemachus. But a jury quickly shot it down.

Crossen took command of the Walsh affair a few days after Nova Scotia. None of Demoulas’s attorneys really trusted Curry—one of them dismissed him as a “bottom dweller”—so Arthur T. looked for more-seasoned litigators to turn Curry’s handiwork into something usable. Crossen fit the bill perfectly. A partner in the old-line firm of Foley Hoag Eliot, he was a former ethics adviser to Governor William Weld, and head of the judicial nominating commission that screens lawyers seeking appointments to the bench. He also had a decade’s worth of experience running undercover operations. For all of this, Arthur T. was willing to pay top dollar: Foley Hoag ultimately took in between $1 million and $2 million from the case.

Crossen was paired with Richard Donahue, a graybeard who had once served as president of the Massachusetts Bar Association and chairman of the Board of Bar Overseers (BBO), the legal profession’s discipline committee. He was close to the Kennedy family and had made a fortune as president and chief operating officer of Nike. A distraught Telemachus had hired him to coordinate courtroom strategy and handle PR. But mostly, he got out of Crossen’s way.

The notion that Lopez had predetermined the result of the case before her, if true, would be a clear demonstration of judicial misconduct. Crossen viewed it as “troubling and important,” with alluring potential as a legal strategy. Though not everyone on the Demoulas legal team agreed, just maybe the issue could be used to force a new trial.

A fast, fateful decision was made. Crossen would pull a second job-offer ruse, but he’d take it up a notch: a new, higher-ranking executive from British Pacific, at a meeting that would take place at the Four Seasons in New York City (where secret taping is also legal). Sure, it was high-risk but, well, the game was already under way, and the client seemed to like where it was going. And besides, anyone got a better idea?

Donahue appeared to make a fateful decision of his own—to defer to Crossen’s experience in running undercover investigations and to disregard concerns about the plan voiced by members of his own team. Edward Barshak, former president of the Boston Bar Association, was serving as a consultant to Telemachus’s lawyers. He had strong reservations about Curry’s character and argued against continuing the British Pacific caper at all. Ultimately, Crossen and Donahue ignored those concerns. Big money was on the table. “We have a client and the client wants to proceed and it’s necessary to at least pay some attention to the client,” Donahue later said. “Otherwise, you won’t have any.”

A fortnight after Nova Scotia, a Mercedes limousine picked Walsh up at LaGuardia. He was ushered into a suite at the Four Seasons and greeted by a man named Peter O’Hara, whose card said he was a general manager at British Pacific. He told Walsh the catastrophic-risk insurance company was looking for new blood. After some job interview small talk, the discussion swerved into the Demoulas case. O’Hara—really Peter Rush, a former U.S. Secret Service agent with a tape recorder strapped to his back—peppered Walsh with questions. Walsh conceded that Lopez had decided early on who was telling the truth, but he added that she had been fully engaged, participating in an editor-reporter kind of way and discussing the evidence as it came in. “I think she kept some sense of open-mindedness,” Walsh said.

This wasn’t what Crossen, sequestered in the next room, was looking for. Not at all. He needed Walsh to say unequivocally that Lopez had her mind made up in advance. O’Hara pushed harder. Of the final 84 questions, nearly half concerned the Demoulas decision. Another six concerned a certain letter that had supported Walsh’s application to the Massachusetts bar. Such character reference letters are supposed to come from someone who knows the applicant personally, but because one of Walsh’s sponsors backed out at the last minute, this one was signed by a friend of a friend. O’Hara’s questioning about it struck Walsh as strange, but he’d talk about whatever O’Hara wanted if it would get him and his young wife on a plane to London.

Burly and baby-faced, Walsh grew up in a close blue-collar household in Milton, the seventh of eight children and youngest son of plumber-nurse parents. His high-energy mother, Margaret, was the stationmaster of a bustling house where the trains ran on time, and on a budget. Eating out meant an annual visit to the old European Restaurant in the North End. But his grandparents had a summer house in Marshfield, and after learning to surf there, he caught the travel bug. His passion for surfing would eventually take him around the world, from Nantucket to Hawaii to Costa Rica. He found himself inexorably drawn to exotic cultures.

As a teenager Walsh spoke with an intractable and stigmatizing stutter that held him back until his senior year, when his sister Meg, then at nursing school at Boston College, found out about a speech program in Woburn. Walsh commuted two hours a day for a month of intensive therapy. For the first time, he felt he was learning something useful about the impediment, studying breathing techniques that made it easier to unclog his speech and coordinate his thoughts and enunciations. “People would say, ‘Hey, slow down.’ But it’s much more complicated than that.”

After high school, Walsh went on to BC in 1986, stringing together student loans to cover his tuition. In his freshman year, a classmate from Milton High asked if he and his friends were interested in blind dates. Well, semiblind—she showed them the girls’ pictures. Walsh zeroed in on an attractive girl of Filipino descent named Jackie Fangonil. “I’ll take that one,” he said. Their relationship began in fits and starts, and fully blossomed that spring and later that summer on Nantucket. They married in 1994. “She’s smart and fun and Asian,” he says now. “I was intrigued by her.”

Jackie was a go-getter. She set her sights on law school at BC and encouraged Walsh to do the same. “You really think I could do that?” he asked. “In case you haven’t noticed, I stutter, and lawyers do a lot of talking and presentations. Haven’t you seen the movies?”

Jackie just laughed and told him to think about it. As the notion grew on him, he decided to try to use his disability to his advantage. He got into Suffolk University Law School, writing an essay about how his struggle to surmount his stutter defined who he was.

He took on law school like it was the dawn-to-dusk landscaping summer job he had worked for several years. He did his work and drank beer on Friday nights and eventually tiptoed into the moot court classroom. After graduating in 1993, Walsh couldn’t find work with any of the Ivy-dominated firms in Boston, and took a Superior Court clerkship that exposed him to both the city’s best lawyers and the inner workings of the judicial process. He re-upped for a second year and joined Lopez for the final phase of the long-running Demoulas case. When the clerkship ended, he applied to all the major firms involved in the case but was turned down cold. Eventually Lopez helped Walsh land a job at the small Boston firm of Sullivan Associates, housed above a cigar store squeezed between a flower shop and a Freedom Trail trolley stop on Park Plaza.

But the routine stuff Sullivan had Walsh tackling at Boston Municipal Court was a chilling glimpse of an unappealing future where practicing law devolved into squabbles over bad checks and broken contracts. He began thinking about combining his vocation with his curiosity about different cultures: a job as in-house counsel at an overseas firm that wanted to get something done and not just shuffle papers around.

During a meeting in Ed Barshak’s office on June 23, 1997, members of Arthur T.’s defense team grasped at straws. There were starkly different views of Walsh’s value: Crossen felt the New York material was an 8 out of 10, but Barshak saw it as “zero or less than zero.” Most team members preferred to seize on rumors of Lopez’s fraternizing with Robert Gerrard, counsel for the other side of the Demoulas family, at the Charles Restaurant, a Beacon Hill bistro owned by Lopez’s husband, Boston Phoenix publisher Stephen Mindich. A month later, after Lopez angrily rejected Barshak’s motion to withdraw herself from the case because of her alleged socializing, Crossen and Donahue went after the clerk again.

In late July, Reid, still in character as a headhunter, notified Walsh that the job was his, but for a final perfunctory interview. It was scheduled for Saturday, August 2, at the Four Seasons in Boston.

Walsh showed up ahead of time and calmed himself down on a bench in the nearby Public Garden. This was to be the entrée into the world of international business he’d daydreamed of for years.

When “O’Hara” ushered him into a fifth-floor suite, Walsh noticed he was more solemn this time, less affable. Something was up. He revealed himself as Peter Rush, then introduced the other man in the room as Richard Donahue, a lawyer for the Demoulas family. Then Crossen joined them, and it hit Walsh in the gut: He’d been set up.

Walsh reeled, as two of Boston’s go-to attorneys began threatening to reveal embarrassing admissions he had made during his supposed job interviews. He was at a total loss. No British Pacific? No Peter O’Hara? No job? And just what had he said during those earlier meetings? His brain whirred. Then he remembered all the inquiries about his questionable bar-application letter. Was that really such a big deal? He looked at the two baleful lawyers across from him. They seemed to think it was.

“We are here to get to the truth [about Lopez],” Crossen said.

As the confusion and humiliation set in, Walsh’s stutter kicked up. “B-b-bastards!” he yelled as he rushed out.

“It was a shattering thing. I just wasn’t thinking straight and I was struggling to keep my shit together,” Walsh says now. He stumbled up Boylston Street to the law office over the cigar store, where he found the firm’s founder, Robert Sullivan, at his desk, doing some Saturday morning paperwork. Sullivan tried to calm Walsh down. Walsh called Jackie, who rushed to the law office to find her husband pacing and wondering, What’s going to happen to my life?

By the end of Walsh’s disjointed story of betrayal, Sullivan concluded that the kid needed more than a lawyer; he needed the best lawyer Sullivan knew.

Harry Manion is the rare trial lawyer who may be as good as he says he is. A heavyset man who talks seamlessly and with boundless confidence, he was exactly what Paul Walsh needed: someone authoritative to tell him he hadn’t done anything wrong, and wasn’t going to be disbarred by sundown.

On the afternoon that Walsh’s world crumbled, Manion spoke to Sullivan and then did some quick legwork. He reached out to a Suffolk County prosecutor he trusted, who urged him toward the U.S. Attorney’s Office: “Less leaky,” the prosecutor confided. Manion got in touch with Mark Pearlstein, then first assistant U.S. attorney, who saw the situation as a job for the FBI.

A few hours later, Walsh was sitting across from Manion in a poolside cabana at Manion’s Framingham house. The former clerk was still agitated about his traumatic meeting, as well as the obvious surveillance on the Commonwealth Avenue Mall near his apartment—guys in Hawaiian shirts carrying clunky cell phones. Jackie was especially upset.

As dusk descended, Manion slowly talked Walsh off the ledge. Then he told him his options came down to two extremes: Do nothing, and hope it goes away. Or strike back.

“First, though, are there skeletons in the closet to worry about here?” Manion asked. “Any bad surprises down the road for both of us?” He was okay with the minor things from the sham interviews—the bar letter and smart remarks about lazy judges—but, he said, “I need to know: You got a broad stashed? Doing coke in clubs? I gotta know because they are going to use it against you. They’re ruthless and enormously well-financed.”

“You’re looking at what you’ve got,” Walsh replied. “There’s nothing. Some high school beer-drinking. That’s it.” Finally, he added, “I can handle anything they’ve got.”

Manion studied Walsh for a moment. “No turning back,” he warned. “Once the toothpaste is out of the tube, no fuhgeddaboudits. It’s become a very serious assault on a sitting judge.”

They hooked up with the FBI that Monday and provided an account of what had happened. After taking it all in, the agents asked Walsh to think about wearing a body wire.

Two weeks later, Walsh was wired up and ready to see where Gary Crossen would take them all. The strategy was to get him talking about the consequences of Walsh’s not cooperating and to produce hard proof that the New York meeting had indeed been taped, which could be viewed as evidence of a conspiracy.

After some phone tag, Crossen agreed to meet with Walsh at Foley Hoag’s offices in One Post Office Square. A little after 8 a.m. on August 20, the square’s park resembled a scene ripped from John LeCarre: A man in a plain dark polo watched the building’s entrance from a bench across the street; FBI agents watched him.

Once inside, Walsh sat down opposite Crossen in a windowless conference room with deep rugs and a long mahogany table. This was a big-league law firm, the kind that rejected Walsh over and over. No cigar stores in sight.

“I think what you guys did to me is despicable,” Walsh began. “I just couldn’t imagine doing something like that to another attorney. If in fact you do have tapes…then I probably am ruined. And I wanna hear what’s on the tapes before I can make any kind of decision.”

Crossen, sensing danger in Walsh’s focus on the secret taping, became evasive. “At some point in time you oughta hear the tapes,” he agreed. “Today is not that point in time.” Pressed again by Walsh, he snapped back, “Okay, that is just not going to happen, okay?”

“It just doesn’t seem right, it just doesn’t seem fair to me,” Walsh said.

Crossen softened briefly and then inched forward. “Well, you may not like the way we approached this,” he said, “but…that’s life in the fast lane, Paul….What I want is a candid conversation with you about, ahem, the predisposition issue…that she decided the case in advance. That’s what I want.”

Crossen was edging closer and closer to an incriminating quid pro quo: You give us what we want, and we go away. Then, with Walsh’s hidden recorder rolling, Crossen hung himself by tying his objective to a threat: “If there is a way for Paul Walsh to deal with this, that’s, that’s, ahem…not harmful to your career, it probably is for you to have the candid conversation with me…an acknowledgement that the judge was way out in front on a determination of the facts here, that she predetermined it.” (Crossen and Donahue maintain they never threatened Walsh.)

Walsh wasn’t about to concede anything until he heard the tapes from the sham British Pacific interviews. The meeting broke up with neither side yielding. But the next day, Crossen agreed to play a short segment of the New York interview and summoned Walsh back to Foley Hoag. Once again Walsh wore a wire into a conference room, where he was surrounded by a menacing circle of Demoulas lawyers and detectives. Unsurprisingly, the three-minute snippet Crossen played focused on Walsh’s Achilles’ heel—his admission that his bar-application letter had come from a lawyer he didn’t know. Walsh listened to “Peter O’Hara” ask him about the letter: “And actually you didn’t know him, but he knew a friend of yours? You don’t see that as a problem, do you?”

At the time of the recording, Walsh had not. It had been just another job interview question that went nowhere and meant nothing. But now, inside Foley Hoag, surrounded by well-heeled adversaries, Walsh did indeed see it as an issue. “So, you aren’t bluffing,” he said.

“No. We aren’t bluffing,” Crossen replied. “The train is ready to pull out of the station, okay?” he warned. “Um, I’m gonna respectfully suggest to you, okay, that you try to block out Monday and come visit us.”

In truth, the road was a dead end, and the lawyers had to know it. Most of the Demoulas defense team had already decided the Nova Scotia information was unreliable at best, and the New York meeting, useless. But Crossen and Donahue were desperate enough to bluff with a pair of deuces, in the hopes it would get them back in the courts. At that point, who knew where it could go?

A few days later, Walsh left a message for Crossen that he was going out of town and would call when he returned.On August 29, the FBI served grand jury subpoenas on Ernest Reid and Peter Rush, a.k.a. Peter O’Hara. Crossen, the former assistant U.S. attorney, must have deduced instinctively that his former legmen at the FBI had been monitoring him. He’d been beaten at his own game.

As the story seeped out of Suffolk County Courthouse and into the Globe, Manion took center stage—right where he liked to be. He held a packed press conference in his office—“a complete zoo,’’ he happily recalls—where he and Walsh explained their side of the story, and how the FBI and U.S. Attorney’s Office were investigating the case. Mike Wallace of 60 Minutes called, Manion remembers, and said, “We’re gonna lead with you, Harry. It’s a great story. All you need to do is give it to us exclusively.”

Manion reluctantly held his fire, persuaded by the FBI’s desire to keep things under wraps until the investigation was over, and by Walsh’s not wanting to be seen as a publicity hound. Then, slowly, the white-hot story fizzled. By October 1997, Walsh and Manion’s high hopes were dashed when U.S. Attorney Donald Stern recused himself because Crossen had once held a high post in the office. From there, the case was punted to the Department of Justice (DOJ) in Washington, where an internal scuffle broke out. Two DOJ committees and then–FBI Director Louis Freeh reportedly pushed for prosecution. But Crossen’s allies also flexed their muscle. Department records list correspondence from colleagues such as former U.S. Attorney Wayne Budd and former Suffolk County DA Ralph Martin. Another sponsor was former Governor Weld, who once called Crossen “the greatest and the straightest.” (The department recently refused a long-standing Freedom of Information Act request to release the leniency letters, on the basis they were part of personnel and medical files whose disclosure would “clearly” constitute unwarranted invasions of privacy.)

Four years after the gripping Foley Hoag meetings, in the final hours of Janet Reno’s term as attorney general in 2001, the lawyers escaped indictments. Despite the tape-recorded evidence, the cases were dropped.

It looked like another clean sweep for lawyers with the right connections and deep pockets. Crossen had resigned his position on the judicial nominating commission, but everything Walsh had gone through ultimately seemed like a waste.

Nearly a year later, when a formal ethics complaint against Curry, Crossen, and Donahue was filed with the Board of Bar Overseers, Walsh remained wary. Boston’s legal community has a reputation for favoring big firms over the little guy, and the pedigreed defendants insisted their actions were nothing more than the zealous defense every client deserves.

The board’s counsel, however, saw the case as a clear-cut example of misrepresentation and deception and came down hard on the Demoulas lawyers. Last year, after 25 days of testimony spread over nearly two years, the BBO hearing officer said Crossen and Donahue’s actions bordered on “outright extortion.” She noted that because of their accomplished careers, they “should have known better than to involve themselves in Curry’s seamy ruse.” Donahue did himself no favors with tone-deaf wisecracks during his testimony, joking about how they put the bad news to Walsh “as cold as a stepmother’s kiss right on his cheek.” In the end, the hearing officer determined the most powerful aggravating factor was the trio’s total disregard for how their actions would affect Walsh. She called for disbarment for all three. This October, the full board affirmed the recommended punishments for Crossen and Curry, but cut the ailing 79-year-old Donahue slack for playing a more passive role, calling for a three-year suspension. Crossen and Curry are expected to appeal to an unsympathetic Supreme Judicial Court; the board’s counsel, meanwhile, is considering appealing the leniency of Donahue’s penalty.

“Shit, they were going to run me over,” Walsh says now. “I decided early on I wasn’t going to let them.”

Walsh can still recall the excitement after Nova Scotia, the humiliation in Boston, the tense thrill of wearing a wire. His mind goes back easily to the sweet moment when he felt the ground shift beneath Crossen, leaving the seasoned prosecutor as clueless as Walsh had been when he went into the Four Seasons in Boston in his new blue Brooks Brothers suit. But the moment that sears still is the ride home with his parents just before all hell was about to break loose at Manion’s press conference. Walsh showed his mother the affidavit outlining the entire affair. “Read this while you’re sitting down,” he told her. He could see she didn’t understand it at first. But when she finished, she looked at him wanly and began to cry.

Walsh soon found solace in the birth of his three sons and a delicious twist of fate. A year after his dream job seemed to have vanished forever, he landed a position with a Needham-based high-tech firm with far-flung offices. By 2000, he was in Hong Kong—overseas, exactly where the imposters from British Pacific had said he would be.



Gardens showcased in Fox Valley

APPLETON – With Saturday’s nice weather, it was a great day to be outside, smelling the roses.

The 23rd annual Garden Walk took place in Appleton.

Eight local gardens were shown.

The event is sponsored by the Emergency Shelter of the Fox Valley.

Proceeds from the garden walk benefit the shelter, which helps homeless people.

Gardeners were also on hand to answer questions about their private gardens.

“This is their backyard, so each one is a little bit unique, it’s, however, the homeowner kind of has designed it and what their taste is. It’s a really interesting opportunity if you are a gardener, novice or advanced, to kind of get ideas of how to make your yard a little bit better,” said Jennifer Dieter with the shelter.

 The Garden Walk featured different planting styles, annual and perennial plants, and other landscaping scenes.

Landscaping career a growing option – Regina Leader

Elizabeth Wheale spends winters on the ski hill and summers working outside in other people’s yards.

The 28-year-old recently finished a landscape gardener apprenticeship and started her own business, Fair Haven Landscaping. The Red Deer-based company services central Alberta, including rural areas, completing projects ranging from building retaining walls to starting flower gardens from scratch.

Landscape gardening is a red seal trade that requires a four-year apprenticeship, including a minimum of 1,200 hours of on-the-job training and eight weeks of technical training each year.

Wheale grew up on a farm and enjoyed working outside, including a winter job as a ski instructor. But she hadn’t considered a career in the landscaping trade until she started working for a local company.

“Originally I was actually planning to go to the United Kingdom and do a bachelor’s degree in theology and youth work,” Wheale remembers.

However the program she had her eye on didn’t start until June and Wheale’s ski instructor job had finished for the season, leaving her looking for work for a few months. She ended up at a Red Deer landscaping company, where the owner encouraged Wheale to consider an apprenticeship. “He saw the potential there and told me about the apprenticeship and said I’ll hire you for the summer, but I want you to do an apprenticeship. I hadn’t been totally sure about moving to the United Kingdom, and once

I started working it made sense to stay,” she said.

She finished her apprenticeship with top marks and earned the Top Apprentice Award in 2011 for landscape gardener.

Landscape gardeners can work for a variety of employers, including landscape architects, contractors, nurseries, tree farms, greenhouses, cemeteries, governments, garden centres and landscape supply outlets.

Others, such as Wheale, are self-employed.

“I enjoy the challenges that come from different people and their different preferences. I get bored easily so it’s nice to have variety,”

she said. Still, Wheale points out that starting a business comes with challenges.

“It’s thinking through the estimates and cost evaluations and valuing your own time and deciding what hours you’re willing to work and what type of work you’re willing to do. There’s lots of logistics you have to work through and you’ve just got to do it, and any entrepreneur is like that,” she said.

Wheale said one of the biggest challenges she’s encountered so far is getting customers to understand they get what they pay for.

“Cheap is out there, it’s just not skilled,” Wheale said.

Educating customers about the finer points of landscape gardening is something that Wheale enjoys.

“I think education is a huge thing. As the world moves more to organics and ecologically friendly practices, it’s even more important to have skilled, trained people,” Wheale said.

Laura Caddy has also made a career out of working with plants. The red seal landscape horticulturist works year-round at the Devonian Botanic Garden, southwest of Edmonton.

“I’ve been gardening since I could walk,” said Caddy, who worked in greenhouses in Red Deer after finishing high school.

“I was more interested in a hands-on approach than the university route, so I found a horticulture trade program at a school in Ontario,” Caddy said. “Our classroom was a botanical garden just outside Niagara Falls.”

After graduating from the Niagara Parks School of Horticulture, Caddy challenged the red seal exam for landscape horticulturist and worked at the Royal Botanical Gardens in Hamilton, Ont.

She has worked at the Devonian Botanic Garden for just over a year, as a horticulturist and curator in charge of the Patrick Seymour Alpine Garden. “As a horticulturist, I’m doing the hands-on, physical taking care of the plant, while as a curator I decide the direction of the garden and what goes where,” she said.

“I love being outside, I love working with my hands. I’ve always loved plants and taking care of them, and with my position it’s more than that. It’s a scientific collection. There’s a purpose to the gardens, a reason why we have plants above and beyond display.”

Extension horticulturalist offers tips for a ‘water-wise’ garden – Journal

STERLING — — A “water-wise” yard doesn’t happen by accident, Brian Kailey told the Sterling Rotary Club during a presentation Wednesday.

The horticulturalist with the Logan County Extension Office spoke about the “Seven Principles of Water-Wise Gardening,” which uses water efficiently to create landscapes that are both attractive and use-appropriate.

Kailey noted the importance of using water wisely. While 80 percent of Colorado’s water use happens in the eastern half of the state, 80 percent of Colorado’s precipitation falls on the western side. Statistics from the U.S. Geological Survey show in 1995, Colorado used 13.8 billion gallons of water each day. Ag irrigation accounted for 93 percent of water use;

40-60 percent of domestic water use was for outdoors, such as watering lawns and gardens, filling pools and ponds or washing automobiles.

Developing a water-wise garden requires:

• Planning and designing for water conservation, beauty and utility

• Improving the soil with organic matter so it will hold more water and minerals and allow for a deeper root system

• Creating practical turf and non-turf areas to match expectations with the actual use of the site

• Selecting plants appropriate for the climate and grouping them according to their water needs

• Watering efficiently with appropriate irrigation methods

• Mulching to reduce evaporation

• Maintaining plants with good horticultural practices

Kailey warned against “zero-scape,” which removes all or most vegetation and replaces it with rock, which then heats up the surrounding environment.

He said that grass offers benefits such as trapping dust and pollen, reducing noise and glare, cooling the surrounding environment and controlling soil erosion. However, there are places where grass may not be appropriate, such as under shade trees where it will not grow well.

He named several perennial plants that are drought tolerant and appropriate for the High Plains climate:

• Prairie coneflower

• Penstemon spp.

• Gaillardia

• California poppy

• Lilac (bush or trees)

• Sagebrush

• Rabbitbrush (“Chamisa”)

Kailey said 40 to 50 percent of water used for landscape irrigation is wasted because of poor design and maintenance and management. He said many systems were set up with little consideration of water conservation. Irrigation zones should reflect water demand, which is affected by exposure to sun, heat and wind. For example, the lawn on a southwest facing slope will typically require twice as much water as the lawn on the north side.

He recommended using drip irrigation for shrubs, flower beds, small fruits and vegetables to reduce water use by up to 50 percent. Watering in the evening or early morning hours versus overnight prevents the moisture from sitting on the lawn too long and causing mold. Organic mulch at a depth of 4 inches is ideal for promoting soil microorganism activity and controlling weeds; however, standard wood chips may blow away in northeast Colorado winds. If using “green” mulch — grass clippings — he recommends letting it dry before applying so it doesn’t block the oxygen. He also noted that mulch should be applied no closer than 6 inches from tree trunks so it doesn’t trap moisture against the bark.

Good horticultural practices will overcome failures on almost all other principles, because healthy plants are more insect- and disease-resistant, he said.

Contact Journal-Advocate managing editor Sara Waite at 970-526-9310 or swaite@journal-advocate.com

John Humphries on informal displays

Town centres in far too many parts of Wales have become sad places squeezed by the recession and failed by some local councils not up to the challenge.

Despite the economics of degradation, some can be given a facelift at little expense with some enterprising planting as demonstrated by Newport.

But this week, much to my surprise, I came across wildflower meadows in the centre of the city.

Wild flower meadows have almost disappeared from the landscape, apart from some corners set aside by farmers with grants from the European Union.

But that was never more than tokenism to appease environmental lobbyists.

Newport’s effort, however, is inspirational.

Grass verges adjoining several busy junctions have been planted with wild flowers including cornflower annuals – corn poppy, corn marigold and corn cockle – for a stunning summer display.

While a grass verge or busy roundabout might not be the ideal spot to admire the spectacle, they are certainly uplifting for the cost of several sacks of seed.

Everyone can have a wildflower meadow or wild garden, a tradition maintained in the humble cottage garden since the rigid discipline of Victorian gardening dominated with its formal bedding displays.

The 19th century Irish gardener William Robinson, best remembered for introducing the herbaceous border, was also the champion of the wild garden.

The two concepts might seem incompatible – the herbaceous border with its heavy annual work load and the wild garden left to fend for itself.

But the real flower garden nearest the house requires constant attention to the soil and plants.

On the other hand, the wild garden or flower meadow can endure for generations if suited to the soil because it takes care of itself, a notion that should appeal to those wearied by the annual trek to the garden centre to stock up with bedding plants. 

Lawns and borders make ideal sites for wild gardens, either sown with annuals that last one summer or as a perennial meadow which is best on poorer soils because there is less competition from grasses.

Choose the meadow seed that most suits your soil, with cornfield annuals preferring richer soil.

The greatest care must be taken to use only those plants that are able to fend for themselves against considerable competition, for if too much cultivation is needed to keep the plants alive the natural effect is bound to be lost.

Once the flower meadow is established, the surface soil is not cultivated to any great extent apart from cutting grass and unwanted weeds from time to time to prevent them choking the introduced plants.

Before planting, either in March or September, spray-off existing vegetation with systemic glyphosate to remove vigorous perennial weeds, such as nettles, docks and dandelions, then dig or rotovate to make a seedbed as for a new lawn.

But don’t apply fertiliser as high fertility encourages excessive vigour in grasses that then crowd out the wildflowers.

Where soil fertility is too high for perennial wildflowers, sow a cornfield annual mix to flower within three months and again in subsequent years from self-seeding.

In this case the only maintenance necessary is to rake the site in spring to remove weeds and encourage germination.

 

What to do this weekend:

* Dead head all plants frequently, especially roses

* Disbud dahlias and chrysanthemums by removing all but the very top bud if you want large flowers

* Pinch out runner bans when they’ve reached the top of the cane

* Sow parsley for winter use

* Prune deciduous shrubs that have flowered

July Gardening Tips

July 13, 2013

The heat, humidity and frequent rains of July are great for tropical plants. Gardeners, however, take a bit of a beating. Remember to keep the sunscreen, insect repellant and iced tea handy as you venture out into your garden to perform some needed summer maintenance.

A midsummer application of fertilizer is usually required, especially on annual flowers, lawns, shrub beds and vegetable gardens. This is a supplemental application, so don’t overdo it. A 15-0-15 slow-release fertilizer is a good general purpose landscape fertilizer for most plants.

Major pruning jobs should have been done earlier, but there is still some maintenance pruning that should be done. Deadhead, or clip old flowers, from summer flowering shrubs as soon as they fade to help insure an extended season of bloom. Crape myrtles, hibiscus, hydrangeas and althea are examples of shrubs that will bloom repeatedly if light, selective pruning is done.

Flowering annuals also respond well to deadheading. Snip off old flowers and flower spikes before they have an opportunity to form seed. Allowing annual flowers to set seed can shorten their blooming season considerably.

Inspect your lawn and shrub plantings frequently in order to identify pest problems as early as possible. The most severe damage from pest insects normally begins in July. Be on the lookout for chinch bugs in St. Augustine grass; spittlebugs in centipede grass; sod webworm in all lawns-especially new ones; lacebug and caterpillars on azaleas; whiteflies on gardenia and spider mites on lots of different types of shrubs.

Sod webworms often attack lawns in the summer. They eat the grass blades producing areas that look as if they have been mowed too short. Close inspection will reveal that the blades have not been cleanly cut as with a mower blade but have been chewed along their edges and tips. These caterpillars feed at night and rest during the day down among the runners and in the thatch.

Once an insect pest is found, evaluate the damage and determine if control is necessary. If it is, choose the least toxic option. If only a few caterpillars are found, hand picking might be the choice. Aphids and spider mites can often be controlled by spraying with an insecticidal soap solution. Chemical insecticides are sometimes required. Before choosing one be sure that the insect pest has been properly identified and that the insecticide is labeled for that purpose For vegetable gardeners that have problems with nematodes, soil borne diseases and extensive weed problems, July is a great time to try soil solarization.

Prepare the soil as you normally would for a vegetable garden including adding organic matter. Moisten the area and cover with clear plastic, not black plastic. Clear plastic will produce the highest temperatures. Be sure to weigh down the edges of the plastic so that it doesn’t blow up. Allow the soil to bake in the sun for four to six weeks. The sun will raise the soil temperature high enough to kill many soil borne problems.

Tip of the Week: The nice thing about tomatoes is that you have the option of harvesting when the fruit is green if needed. Tomatoes will ripen indoors at room temperature. To ensure even ripening, place the tomato with the stem up. The ideal time to harvest tomatoes is when they are fully colored but still firm.

In general, it is best to harvest vegetables early in the mornings while the moisture content is higher. The overall quality will quickly diminish as vegetables are exposed to hotter temperatures later in the day.

Comments

One Response to “July Gardening Tips”

  1. avalon on
    July 13th, 2013 8:04 am

    Good article. Anyone have suggestions about grubb worms? Apparently we’ve taken them to raise. LOL

Designing a Garden for Outdoor Entertaining

    By

  • LINDSEY TAYLOR

Enlarge Image

imageimage

Erik Otsea

1. Extend the home’s design into the garden

JUDY KAMEON creates gardens that practically insist on being lived in, not just envied by the neighbors. The founder of Los Angeles-based Elysian Landscapes and a perennial host who entertains regularly in her garden-cum-laboratory, she’s been designing painterly, beckoning yards in and around Southern California for the past 16 years—and plans to share her wisdom in her first book, “Gardens Are for Living,” due next spring from Rizzoli.

When working with new clients, Ms. Kameon invariably finds that they’re not making the most of their existing gardens. “It’s important to understand what is underutilized on the property, where the potential is and then how that can be realized,” she said. “I like gardens that engage and can be enjoyed on many levels. Of course, I’ve been designing mostly in Southern California, where outdoor living is year-round, but I believe a lot of my ideas can be applied in other climates.”

Before Ms. Kameon transformed the garden shown here—the grounds of a 1930s home in the Silver Lake neighborhood of L.A.—the new owners, a couple with two young children, hardly used their outdoor space. It had a pool and some lovely trees, but no areas defined for entertaining or play. Moreover, the garden had no color relationship to the house’s pale blue, white and black ’30s palette. Her goals: to delineate outdoor living areas and create a seamless style connection between the house and garden. As she explained, “Continuity is important. It stops a design from feeling contrived.”

Underused areas in gardens, Ms. Kameon said, often reflect “bad choices in furniture, bad placement or no furniture at all.” Her recommendation: If you plan to do more in your garden than just grow plants, invest in quality pieces—comfortable seating, sturdy tables—just as you would for your indoor living spaces. Outdoor furniture needs to be worked into the budget upfront.

Beyond furniture, Ms. Kameon likes to activate a space with elements that reliably entice people: a water feature, a fire pit or a built-in BBQ. Pots, pillows and lanterns are essential details for her. “An outdoor space needs the same consideration as an interior,” she said. “Accessorizing polishes off a space indoors and out.”

Below, some lessons on making a garden thoroughly livable, as illustrated by her Silver Lake project.

Enlarge Image

imageimage

Illustration by Judy Kameon

THE MASTER PLAN Garden designer Judy Kameon’s blueprint for a property in Los Angeles’ Silver Lake neighborhood features (from left to right): enclosed front courtyard with water feature (1); clients’ residence; back patio and pool area; built-in sofa (2); separate seating zone on concrete “area rug” (4); teepee hidden among the trees in back corner (3). “I like dynamic gardens that inspire activity,” Ms. Kameon said. “They needn’t be passive spaces.”

1. Extend the home’s design into the garden: The property’s front courtyard was little more than two shade-providing olive trees and some sad, out-of-place paving. To establish a more inviting relationship between house and yard, Ms. Kameon introduced encaustic cement outdoor tile in a Deco pattern that picks up on the home’s old Hollywood glamour. “A front garden is like the first room in the house,” Ms. Kameon explained. “The style and the color palette should relate to the architecture.” An existing circular fountain (above, center) was updated with coordinating black-tile edging wide enough to sit on. “The water feature is the first thing you hear when you come through the gate,” she said. “The ear tunes to it immediately and the street noise falls away.” Also new: a daybed from Plain Air (a company Ms. Kameon started with her husband, Erik Otsea), an ideal spot for early morning coffee. The plants, a calming palette of purples, silvers and blues, are mostly shade-tolerant succulents. She incorporated some classic ’30s plants—junipers and English ivy—to suggest the landscaping was original to the house.

Enlarge Image

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Erik Otsea

2. Build in seating

Chevron

in Oxford Grey. Whimsical aqua birds from L.A.’s Chinatown seem engaged in a gossipy conversation.

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imageimage

Erik Otsea

3. Give kids their own distraction

3. Give kids their own distraction: In a dark, unused corner of the property, Ms. Kameon found a suitably mysterious spot for a children’s teepee the family owned but never used. She laid a meandering path (more fun than a straight one) to its door with circular pavers and spotlit the approach with bright lime-green foliage. Behind the teepee, she planted looming birds of paradise for an exotic look. This hideaway proved almost too irresistible: At the first party the owners threw after the garden was installed, the tent was crowded with more adult guests than kids.

Enlarge Image

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Erik Otsea

4. Lure guests with a fire pit

4. Lure guests with a fire pit: After a makeover by Ms. Kameon, a previously ignored part of the family’s garden has become a go-to spot. She first defined the space with a poured concrete patio that acts as an area rug, its size determined by the dimensions of the sectional sofa, designed by Plain Air. She planted bright shrubs in lime green and silver to illuminate and embrace the space. Boosting conviviality: a bright yellow Bauer Pottery planter, ceramic drinks tables and punchy ottomans that complete the seating circle around the big draw—an easy-to-light gas fire pit from Plain Air filled with heat-retentive Lava Rocks.

Explore More

A version of this article appeared July 13, 2013, on page D5 in the U.S. edition of The Wall Street Journal, with the headline: WanttoStep Outside?.

Glendale helps property owners irrigate efficiently

Water pipe

Water pipe





Posted: Friday, July 12, 2013 2:00 pm


Glendale helps property owners irrigate efficiently

STAFF REPORT

Your West Valley

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0 comments

July is traditionally the month of peak demand for outdoor watering in the Valley.


The city of Glendale Conservation and Sustainable Living Program is celebrating Smart Irrigation Month by helping residents save water, money while keeping their landscapes attractive.

Smart Irrigation Month is a public awareness campaign to promote efficient water use. The national campaign highlights simple practices and innovative technologies to help homeowners:

• Minimize overwatering while keeping lawns, gardens, and landscapes healthy.

• Save money on utility bills.

• Help protect community water supplies for today and the future.

Homeowners typically overwater lawns and landscapes by as much as 30 percent, city officials said. By selecting and planting carefully, watering wisely, and maintaining and upgrading automated irrigation systems, homeowners can save money save water and see better results, offiicals said.

Residents can improve water efficiency in their landscape through free print and online resources, offered by the city of Glendale Conservation and Sustainable Living Program:

• Order Landscape Watering by the Numbers: A Guide for the Arizona Desert to help you determine how much water to apply and how long to run your irrigation system. Call 623-930-3535 or order online at www.glendaleaz.com/WaterConservation/brochures.cfm#FreePacket.

• Use the new on-line Water-Smart Landscape Guide to complete your landscape renovation plans, get ideas from hundreds of Glendale-area garden pictures, and find that perfect desert-adapted plant. Visit www.glendaleaz.watersavingplants.com/.

• Participate in the landscape rebate program by removing grass and converting to desert-landscaping. Receive a rebate up to $750 by calling 623-930-3760.

• Find a Smartscape or Irrigation Association certified professional to design, install, maintain or audit your irrigation system at www.smartscape.org or www.irrigation.org/hirecertified.

For information, call 623-930-3535 or visit www.glendaleaz.com/WaterConservation/.

on

Friday, July 12, 2013 2:00 pm.

Sidebar podcast: Columbus, City of Bros

In this episode of Sidebar,
The Columbus Dispatch‘s podcast on Columbus-focused events, movies, music, dining and
more…

Dispatch staffers Susannah Elliott, Kevin Joy and Ally Manning discuss Columbus’
suitability as a bro haven, the city’s secession options, Columbus Documentary Week and adopting
dogs in Franklin County.

Download
this podcast

Sidebar is also available on
iTunes and
Stitcher.

 

Got something to say about Sidebar? Tweet with the hashtag #614sidebar or tweet this week’s
podcasters,
@allymanning,
@kevjoy or
@XanaE.

 

Links from this week’s topics:

 

And last but certainly not least, from the
Columbus Dispatch archives comes this story about the 1996 proposal for Columbus’ own
SERPENT BRIDGE…

March 19, 1996, by staff reporter Mary Stephens:

The giant snake proposed for the Broad Street Bridge is probably dead, and Franklin County
Engineer John Circle has blue glass scales all over his boot heel.

An application for $700,000 in federal money to put artwork – either a giant, blue-glass
serpentine canopy or a series of bronze globes and cartoonish figures – on the bridge was ranked
dead last out of 34 hopefuls by a review committee of the Ohio Department of Transportation.

Only the top nine applications in the category of historical or archaeological projects were
awarded money.

Although Circle technically was the applicant for the funding, he helped put the kibosh on
the project by telling the transportation department he thought either of the proposed artworks,
but particularly the snake, would be difficult to maintain and inappropriate for the 6-year-old
bridge.

A department spokesman confirmed that Circle’s reservations about the two art proposals,
chosen by a jury impaneled by the Greater Columbus Arts Council, influenced the selection
committee’s decision.

When the selection committee considered the bridge art proposal, “neither (artwork) was felt
to be compatible with the historic district” in which the bridge lies, said Howard Wood, spokesman
for the department’s Bureau of Environmental Services.

Failure to get the federal money doesn’t automatically kill the idea of art on the bridge,
but it means supporters will have to beat the bushes much harder for private donations.

Fund-raisers faced an uphill battle even if the federal funding had been approved. Initial
estimates called for the project to cost $1 million, but the two designs chosen as finalists were
both expected to cost more than $3 million.

“I’m glad that the air has been let out of this thing, ” Circle said yesterday.

While Circle supported the idea of art on the new bridge from its inception, and his office
gathered $140,000 in corporate and private donations several years ago, he wasn’t happy with the
direction taken after he turned the art selection and fund-raising over to the Arts Council.

Circle said he found plenty to love in the more than 50 artists’ ideas that had been
submitted for the bridge over the years. But when the art jury’s formal competition narrowed the
field to the snake, the bronze figures and a large lighted abstract sculpture that looked like a
ski jump, he was less comfortable.

“I was suddenly in the minority, but I couldn’t back out then, ” Circle said. “I couldn’t do
it on the basis of the art alone, because that’s not my area.”

Circle said he is obligated to spend at least the $140,000 on art for the bridge but doesn’t
have immediate plans.

Historic preservation consultant Nancy Recchie, who is coordinating the bridge art project
for the Arts Council, was disappointed and frustrated yesterday.

While the council probably will go ahead with plans for the two finalist artists to present
more-refined versions of their proposals in May, “there aren’t a lot of sources for public art
funding, ” she said.

Recchie called it “interesting” that ODOT rejected the project based on incompatibility with
the bridge’s historic district, citing the fact that historic preservationists served on the art
jury, and that the Arts Council made every effort to explain to ODOT how the project fit into the
bridge’s historic theme.

The two finalists – serpent designer Todd Slaughter, an associate professor at Ohio State
University, and New York sculptor Tom Otterness, who designed the bronze figures – were each given
$25,000 last fall by the Arts Council to refine their ideas.

Circle said he found it “atrocious” that the federal Intermodal Surface Transportation
Efficiency Act is setting aside 15 percent of highway funding for such enhancement projects in the
first place.

“It was way out of proportion, ” he said of the percentage.

The federal law was authorized for six years and generated about $13 million each year in
Ohio for such things as landscaping, bike and pedestrian paths and historic preservation, Wood
said.

In this final round, the transportation department approved $2.43 million for historic
projects, $3.85 million for scenic improvements and $3.89 million for bikeways and pedestrian
paths.

Winning Franklin County projects include $443,885 for landscaping 1.54 miles of I-670 between
I-71 and Leonard Avenue and $710,900 for 4 miles of bike path along Rt. 745 in Dublin.

 

Passing a Law Is the Easy Part: The Challenge of Building Complete Streets

If Ontario Street in Cleveland, Ohio, is any indication, a complete streets policy is no guarantee you’ll get a safe place to ride a bike, or even a comfortable place to walk.

Now that Cleveland has a complete streets policy, the city is taking this eight lane road and … drum roll … adding sharrows. Image: Rust Wire

Ontario is one of those roads designed to simply funnel traffic to and from a highway — and in fact there’s not much to distinguish the street from a highway. It’s eight lanes wide and devoid of landscaping, or any obstacles to fast driving, really. The most tragic part is, it’s right in front of where the Indians play, Progressive Field, which was sold to taxpayers as a way to enliven the city.

This road just came up for resurfacing, and with the city’s complete streets policy, now two years old, it seemed like an ideal time to correct this mistake. Instead, Cleveland’s traffic engineering department punted, leaving the road basically as is but adding shared lane bike stencils, or sharrows. (Actual bike lanes would compromise the street’s ability to accommodate cars during rush hour, you see.)

And there you have it. A complete streets policy should be a fabulous thing that elevates safety, the economy, and social equity in cities, but it can also amount to nothing more than a few new rules that are easily ducked if officials don’t want to follow the spirit of the law.

Some 500 communities and states across the United States now have complete streets policies, so the good work of enacting these laws is well underway. Implementation is the next frontier.

And it’s not easy, especially in communities like Cleveland where these ideas still feel new. But some cities are doing a better job than others, says Stefanie Seskin at the National Complete Streets Coalition. Charlotte, for example, developed six key steps to the project development process. Seattle passed a special tax levy to help support safe streets improvements for active transportation. San Francisco, in its “Better Streets” guide, prioritizes pedestrian concerns.

“The cities that I listed are leaders because they’ve changed a lot in their decision-making process,” says Seskin. “It’s not like sexy and you don’t have pretty pictures, but when you set a goal for an agency and you realign practices to achieve that goal, I think that makes a big difference.”

Cleveland, meanwhile, has a complete streets task force, but in practice the decisions still lie with the Department of Traffic Engineering — the same folks who designed an at-grade highway for the front of the city’s baseball stadium.

Indianapolis measures how many kids are biking and walking to school as part of its complete streets performance measures. Image: SFbike

Having good city staff — people who are committed to seeing complete streets implemented and understand why it’s important — is crucial. Or, like Charlotte, you can develop and train a working group or committee to oversee the process.

“You have a lot of people that have been around for years that are used to doing things the way they have been doing them,” Seskin said. “You have to change the problem and make them understand they’re solving for a new problem.”

Another key element is performance measures. What does success look like? Boulder, Colorado, set a goal in the 1990s to reduce traffic. Since then, the city has invested heavily in transit and reduced the percentage of trips taken by car, said Seskin. Indianapolis incorporated a lot of easily “countable” performance measures into its complete streets plan, including the percentage of children walking or biking to school and the number of transit stops that are accessible with sidewalks and curb ramps.

If decision makers in your city are still under the impression that moving cars is the most important factor in street performance, your streets probably won’t get a whole lot safer. But some progress is possible even if cities still try to accommodate “peak hour” traffic. Charlotte, for instance, decided to define “peak hour” as the full two hours around rush hour, not the most congested 15 minutes during that period. As a result, they didn’t consider it so imperative for streets to be dangerously wide.

Cities should also be sure to update their design guides. Many communities, after passing complete streets ordinances, develop design manuals that serve as a rough guide for the physical geometry of streets across the city. That way, safety improvements can be applied according to a consistent set of principles whenever streets are repaved, instead of starting from scratch with every street.

“Then, every time a project comes up, it’s not a question of whether this is going to be a complete street or not,” said Seskin. “It’s, ‘How can we accommodate all these users.’”