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Adult summer camp for gardening tips set for June in Jacksonville – Florida Times

A four-part gardening topics “Camp Florida Friendly” for adults only will be held in June by the Duval County Extension service at its office at 1010 N. McDuff Ave. in Jacksonville.

The classes run from 9:30 a.m. to 2 p.m. on Wednesday June 18; Friday June 20; Wednesday June 25 and Friday, June 27. Each class is $5 per person. An extra $40 is charged to make a rain barrel, with $10 more to make a worm bin or $5 to make a bee house.

The topics for June 18 are: Does your yard speak Florida Friendly?; Propagation Made Easy; Hands-on with Recycled Materials; and Citrus 101.

The June 20 topics are: Learn to Compost; Vermicompost; Do you know your insects?; and How to Attract Beneficial Insects.

The June 25 topics are: Rain Gardens: Reduce the Runoff: Updates on Fertilizer and Irrigation; and Make and take rain barrel.

The June 27 topics are: Bring on the Pollinators; Make and Take Bee House; Let’s talk Invasive Plants; and Heat Tolerant Edibles and Cover Crops.

To register with credit card, go to http://campfloridafriendly2014.eventbrite.com, or email beckyd@coj.net for a registration form to return payment by mail.

7 Tips for Creating a Low-Maintenance Garden

Gardens are supposed to relieve stress and be a place of refuge – a place where you unwind and recharge, not a place that creates more stress. But, you might be short of time, short of space, or have other issues that prevent you from starting the garden you want. This does not have to be the case. There are plenty of low maintenance options that still provide a beautiful garden. It just takes a bit of planning.

But, remember: there is no such thing as a “no maintenance” garden. Plants, trees and shrubs are living things, and they need at least basic care to thrive. Here are some tips to make gardening easier while still having a great looking garden.

Plan out you garden. Think about your entire area, your yard or balcony, not just the plants, flowers, and veggies but what else you have now, or might want in your garden. This includes play areas, sitting areas, lawns, dining areas, and even storage areas. Once you know all of the elements you want, try to plan your garden to provide easy access to planting areas via pathways or in specific areas of the garden. Only choose a small area or a small part of your landscape, then put in these other features that require little to no maintenance.

Use low maintenance plants. Choose plants that are pest-resistant, disease-resistant, and drought-tolerant. You will likely never find a plant that is perfect and meets all of your needs, but choose plants that have no known pest problems, have a slow or moderate growth rate, and that don’t produce messy pods or fruits, or shed many leaves or branches. See: 10 Easiest to Grow Vegetables

Group plants with similar needs. If you plant water-thirsty flowers with those that like it dry, you will end up with nothing but conflicts and will create more work for yourself. Research the things you are thinking about planting and find out if they need the same amount of water, grow in the same type of soil, or the same amount of sunlight.

Choose the right plant for the right location. This might seem like it’s unnecessary to say, but think about it. If the site you have doesn’t have the right light intensity and duration, sun availability, or soil type, not only will your plants struggle, but it will require more maintenance.

Choose native plants. They are better adapted to your local area which means they require less overall care, less water and fertilizer. Natives are especially useful in an area that that has “high” needs such as poor soil or limited access to a water source.

Plant more perennials than annuals. They come back year after year, so you don’t have to replant every year. Some easy, low maintenance perennials include coneflower, daisies, daylilies, hosta, peonies, salvias and yarrow.

Use More Hardscape. Replace lawns with pavers in lawn areas or high traffic areas or to create a new patio area. Aside from pavers, you can use gravel or stone to reduce the amount of weeding you need to do.

 

Top Ten Bee-Friendly Tips: #3-Plant an Herb Garden and Let Half of It Bloom



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    In the Yard

    Top Ten Bee-Friendly Tips: #3-Plant an Herb Garden and Let Half of It Bloom

    Posted by: Rhonda Hayes

    Updated: May 12, 2014 – 12:38 PM

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    For years I’ve been saying that herbs are the best plants anyone can grow. They’re easy and forgiving. They’re tasty and fragrant. They’re beautiful. And one more thing, they’re great for bees.

    Plant an herb garden and let it grow for a while. Pinch and pluck the leaves for any number of uses, like cooking or cosmetics, eat the flowers, eat the foliage, go for it, because most herbs love to be sheared and pruned; the act of harvesting actually makes them grow fuller and bushier.

    Then do something for the bees. Stop snipping and picking half of the herbs, or more if you’re feeling generous, and allow them to bloom. Herbs are always trying to bloom, you’ll see their stems start to lengthen like in the case of oregano or sometimes the leaves grow smaller and even change shape, as does basil or mint. Pretty soon the flowers will be covered with bees.

    Bees love herb blooms because many consist of lots of little florets, perfectly shaped for browsing and foraging. When bees can work over a large number of blooms in a small area, it helps them to save energy while increasing the amount of nectar they can consume. Herbs save them from making extra trips back to the hive and that’s a good thing.

    Bee on fennel flowers

    Yes, herbs are easy to grow. But some gardening publications will say they thrive on neglect. It is true that established plants can survive without much attention, but whether planted in the ground or in containers a new herb garden needs care at first; lots of sunlight, well-drained soil and adequate water. (And no matter what you see on Pinterest, you can’t grow herbs in Mason jars. Without a hole for water to drain, they will quickly rot.)

    Here’s a list of herbs to start your bee-friendly garden. Get bzzzzy!

    Lemon balm                              

    Lavender

    Anise hyssop

    Hyssop

    Borage

    Germander

    Sage

    Savory

    Chamomile

    Rosemary

    Dill

    Thyme

    Dandelion

    Basil

    Oregano

    Fennel

    Mint

     

    Thanks for contributing!

    Your comment is being reviewed for inclusion on the site.

    Editor’s Note: We are switching commenting systems. The ability to comment will resume on Tuesday.

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    Gardener: Tips for growing great tomatoes – starting off right

    What would spring be without a refresher on tomato growing success? Even veteran gardeners can experience challenges in growing these beauties to perfection. To be sure, I’ve had my share of challenges along the way. But over the years, I’ve honed my skills to master even the greatest challenges Mother Nature can throw my way. So here are a few of the non-negotiable steps you should employ now and every season to improve your tomato growing talent and get your plants off to the best start possible.

    – Location is key. Pick a sunny spot that gets at least six-hours per day. More is better so find the sunniest spot that works. Your plants will be fuller, fruit will form faster, and taste best the more sun they get. Next, don’t plant too closely together. Keep your plants separated by at least two-feet in all directions. It’s amazing how large they will get and they need room to grow while receiving adequate light and air circulation. Your plants will be much healthier for it.

    – Start with great soil. Starting with great soil and a healthy plant puts you well on your way to an abundant harvest. You can eliminate most of your tomato growing challenges with these two simple mandates. Well-amended soil, full of rich compost and other organic material can be your secret weapon to having the best tomatoes around.

    To illustrate this point, last year I grew tomatoes in raised beds, amended with about two-inches each of compost and composted cow manure. As an experiment, in a neighboring bed, I grew tomatoes in just topsoil – no compost or manure. Over the next three months, the composted tomato bed outperformed the competition in every way, in spite of my best efforts to nurture the non-amended tomato plants to perfection. The composted plants grew vigorously, free from pests and diseases. As the season matured, so did the plants. They were heavy with abundant, delicious large red tomatoes right up until frost. The plants in the other bed did okay but fell short in every category. They were not as lush, and had more disease issues and ultimately less fruit.

    – Plant them deep. Planting seedlings deep, very deep is a unique technique used for tomato plants. They’re one of the few vegetables that will grow roots along the stem if they’re in contact with soil. I leave about two sets of leaves showing above the soil when I plant new seedlings. This step will ensure a larger root area and a more vigorous plant.

    In the planting hole, I add a tablespoon or two of dolomitic limestone and mix it into the soil. This step can help ward off a condition known as blossom end rot in emerging fruit. Cover the plant and water it in thoroughly. You may want to provide some liquid fertilizer now for a quick boost. As an organic gardener, I prefer to use fish emulsion and sea kelp. This adds nitrogen and phosphorus to get the plants off to a good start.

    – Manage the water. Tomato plants like deep watering while keeping the soil consistently moist. A soaker hose is best for this because it allows the water to soak deeply into the soil, without saturating it to excess. Soakers are also great for not wetting the foliage above. Leaves that remain wet for too long can promote diseases that can be avoided by keeping water off the plants.

    – Add Mulch. The final step for a great start is to add a two or three inch layer of mulch once the plants are settled. Mulch will help keep the moisture in the soil, prevent soil-borne diseases from splashing on plants and reduce weeds.

    These guidelines will get your tomato plants off to a great start. Like with so many examples in gardening and life, how you start out makes all the difference in the world with the success of the harvest.

    Joe Lamp’l is the host and executive producer of Growing a Greener World on national public television, and the founder of The joe gardener� Company, devoted to environmentally responsible gardening and sustainable outdoor living.

    Separating airman answers critics

    To some, Staff Sgt. Aaron Driver is a truth-teller, laying out the hard realities of the toll everything from repeated deployments to Mickey Mouse regulations have taken on rank-and-file airmen and their families.

    Others have called him everything from a selfish whiner to a cancer on the Air Force.

    Driver’s very public breakup from the Air Force — in a letter published April 21 in Air Force Times — has gone viral, spawning a forcewide debate on issues such as why people enlist, the burdens deployments place on troops and what the military owes people for their service.

    Driver, a 24-year-old radar technician, said in his letter that he has decided not to re-enlist in August after six years in the Air Force.

    With no money and few options coming out of high school, Driver said, the Air Force at first looked like a great way to gain skills, earn money for college, and receive benefits such as health care and a pension after 20 years.

    But repeated deployments to places like South America and Southwest Asia placed a severe strain on his marriage to his wife, Jennifer. Constant threats to cut benefits left him wondering if a key reason he joined the military was about to be yanked away from him. His duties were “mind-numbing and joyless.” And he felt his leadership unnecessarily went out of its way to make life difficult for airmen.

    The straw that broke the camel’s back, Driver said, came in March, when his first sergeant read him the riot act at lunchtime over his out-of-regulation mustache. Coming during Mustache March — a forcewide event heavily promoted by Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. Mark Welsh and celebrating a famed fighter pilot who proudly flaunted grooming regulations — the chastisement particularly rankled Driver and seemed contrary to the point of a morale-building exercise.

    “Six years, multiple deployments and several mental breakdowns later, I am ready to put the Air Force in my past forever,” Driver wrote. “The Air Force has given me a lot, but what it took in return was more valuable. I had been held back, limited and sucked dry of all happiness. That first sergeant may have been crazy, but he helped me realize that I was crazy too.”

    Driver’s “I’m mad as hell, and I’m not going to take it anymore” moment touched a nerve — especially at a time when thousands of airmen worry that force reductions will eliminate their jobs.

    And in a May 2 interview, Driver said he thinks the vehement reactions from some against his letter underline the cultural problems he was trying to point out.

    “It seems the idea that we have to suffer and sacrifice — it doesn’t have to be miserable,” said Driver, a Savannah, Ga., native who is currently deployed from Hunter Army Airfield to Southwest Asia, but would not say exactly where. “But to point that out is apparently taboo.”

    Some commenters responding to Driver’s letter pointed out that the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan had been raging for years by the time Driver signed up, and said the deployments should not have surprised him.

    “What did you think was going to happen?” one commenter asked.

    Driver disputed the suggestion he didn’t realize that deployments would be a fact of life or that he would have to sacrifice in his career. The problem, he said, is that high ops tempos strain families — and the “suck it up” attitude only encourages airmen to ignore the problems and stresses they’re having. And at a time when high rates of post-traumatic stress, divorce and suicide are plaguing the military, that’s a dangerous message to send, Driver said.

    “I’m certainly not a fool,” Driver said. “I knew what I was getting into. And most people do when they join. But when you try to mention that it’s becoming a problem and you’re suffering, you get told to kind of suck it up, make it work. And it’s even worse when they tell you that as the force cuts continue, the deployments are going to increase, and you’re going to have to do more with less. You can’t help but judge that sacrifice and say, is it really worth it?”

    And after airmen have returned home from a deployment, the looming threat of another tour often prevents them from truly relaxing and reconnecting with their families, Driver said.

    “Even when you’re home and you’re relaxing, in that dwell time in between, it’s always, when is the next one?” Driver said. “Is it going to happen randomly? It’s just that dread. It had a big part on affecting me mentally. It was even hard to enjoy time at home, because you’ve got the next one sitting right there on the horizon.”

    At some point, Driver said, he and other airmen have to start thinking more about themselves and their families than what they owe the Air Force.

    “I’ve always said, service before self,” Driver said. “But when there’s no self left, there’s obviously going to be no service. You’re going to have to take care of that self.”

    Driver said that, in writing the letter, he wanted to spark a broader conversation about the burdens all airmen are bearing, and didn’t want it to be primarily about his own personal experiences — which he acknowledged are less stressful than those of many other airmen.

    “I obviously have not had it as bad as a lot of other people have,” Driver said. “At the end of the day, it comes down to your family. And when your family spends so much time without you, that has a big impact on your life. Some people are OK with that sacrifice, and some people aren’t. But I know a lot of people that, there’s a certain breaking point when it’s just too much.”

    Several commenters criticized Driver for focusing so heavily on the benefits when he signed up, and for ignoring that a military career is a life of service.

    “Did this guy really think that he was just going to get great pay, benefits, retirement and a career skill without sacrifice?” commenter Dan Gerke said. “Duty, patriotism and an exchange of sweat and equity were apparently not part of his dream.”

    Driver said that attitude ignores the reality that many people join the all-volunteer force because of its benefits, which are regularly being threatened with cuts.

    “A lot of the people that reacted in a negative way had these absolute ideas in their mind, like, you have to join because of patriotism to be right, and if you didn’t, you’re wrong,” Driver said. “You don’t have to disregard your own needs to be in the military, and you certainly don’t have to deny reality to be a good [noncommissioned officer], as a lot of people accused me of not being. It says a lot when the initial reaction to someone that speaks up is, tell him to suck it up, shut up or get out.”

    But for roughly every commenter who criticized Driver, there was another who understood where he was coming from, and said he had made good points that were worth debating.

    “The Air Force DOES NOT NEED unthinking, blue-bleeding, pain-enduring, regulation-following cheerleaders,” commenter Mathew Lowrey said. “Listen to this airman’s critique, and ask yourself if he could be right. Face some facts, critics: The Air Force RECRUITS [and] did not only pitch selfless service in its recruitment efforts. And you, dear critics, are proving this airman’s point.”

    And while airmen are struggling to maintain their home lives, Driver said, it doesn’t help when leadership unnecessarily picks fights over minor infractions — such as his mustache.

    Much of the debate online centered around Driver’s mustache anecdote. In the interview, Driver said it was his attempt to start a discussion about misplaced priorities on the part of some Air Force leaders.

    “It was an example — a poor one, I admit — of the style-over-substance attitude that’s become so prevalent,” Driver said. “You’ve got a lot of these [Air Force Instructions] that don’t make a lot of sense at the end of the day. And anytime you try to bring up, what’s the reason behind it? It’s always defended with the argument of the slippery slope, the idea that if you have one thing go, it’s all going to go. But at the end of the day, the slippery slope argument doesn’t make a lot of sense, because I guarantee you, if you let me grow a mustache, I’m not going to just stop doing my job.”

    Driver said that he’s worn his mustache for several years, and received an award for serving as his unit’s official monitor for this year’s Mustache March contest.

    “So you go from being rewarded for it, and it’s a big morale booster, and I got everyone in the shop to grow one, and it’s something that built camaraderie and we all enjoyed it, and then to have it treated at the end kind of as this big problem, just misses the whole point,” Driver said.

    Driver said he was glad his letter set off the conversation he had hoped for, and said he does not regret writing it. He said that much of the reaction he personally received was positive. His fellow airmen were supportive, he said. He showed the letter to his supervisor before it was published, he said, and after it came out, his commander came by and asked him if he was OK.

    After Driver leaves the Air Force, he hopes to start his own landscaping business.

    “I’ve always been into horticulture and landscaping,” Driver said. “I do a lot of food growing, and fruit trees. Hopefully, we’ll see where it goes.”■

    Students pitch designs for Nashville neighborhoods

    City planners for years have been struggling with how to spur redevelopment in retail areas across Nashville that are long past their prime.

    A group of University of Tennessee architecture and design students have been hard at work in recent months studying some of those areas, from Antioch to Bellevue, to come up with ideas for projects that could add momentum to those efforts.

    The Metro Planning Department identified about a dozen areas across Nashville for the students in Knoxville and at the Georgia Institute of Technology to develop concepts for bringing economic growth, connections to public transit, and more urban-style affordable housing to the areas.

    The students’ projects were showcased recently by the Nashville Civic Design Center, a nonprofit group that promotes public involvement in urban planning and development projects.

    Bellevue Mall area

    The rundown mall has long been a focus of Metro planners. Student Laura Flores incorporated ideas to redevelop the mall into a mixed-use community and expanded on that idea, focusing on a retail strip south of the mall. The proposal calls for rethinking the retail corridor to the south of the mall, implementing green space into mixed-use parcels that allow easier transition between the retail environment and nearby neighborhoods.

    Bellevue Civic

    A student called for rethinking the connection between the civic center at Bellevue Middle School and creating a more uniform landscape between it, the new library, and Red Caboose Park. Student Melissa Dooley suggested adding landscaping that tied in all of these components so that they worked together to create a sense of place.

    Bordeaux

    Student Kyle Nichols proposed redeveloping an underused supermarket retail center on Clarksville Pike at West Hamilton Avenue into more residential housing, revamping the corridor with improved streetscaping and building more roads for better connectivity and to handle traffic from new residents more effectively. The proposal also calls for transit-oriented affordable housing.

    Talbot’s Corner

    Near the intersection of West Trinity Lane and Interstate 65, student Kyle Jenkins proposed redeveloping an old hotel to establish a mixed-use walkable community, with green space and plenty of square feet for new uses. The proposal also called for adding better transitions and better roads to adjacent neighborhoods.

    Wedgewood at Interstate 65

    The area that is wedged between the interstate and a CSX rail line is an industrial hub that is quite isolated. Student Dylan Buc proposed forming a creative corridor for this part of Nashville just south of downtown that offers a better transition into the Wedgewood Houston residential neighborhood to the east with better roadway connections into and out of the district.

    Reach Josh Brown at 615-726-5964 and on Twitter @joshbrownnews.


    Plants, bugs, crafts and more at Locust Grove fair – The Courier

    More than 1,000 people showed up despite stormy skies Sunday at Locust Grove for the annual Gardeners’ Fair and Silent Auction.

    They browsed flowers, herbs and vegetables, gardening tools, lawn ornaments, handmade crafts and many other locally produced goods on the last day of the three-day event, celebrating its 19th year in Louisville.

    “It’s a real community event,” said Locust Grove executive director Carol Ely.

    She estimated around 3,000 people visited 80 vendor booths on the historic property since the event started Friday. More than just a place for people and families to peruse the booths, the event also showcased Locust Grove, a national historic landmark where three presidents visited over the years and Meriwether Lewis and William Clark stopped upon the completion of their cross-continent expedition in 1806.

    Julie Michael of Louisville and three generations of her family have made a trip to the fair for the past eight years, this year shopping nine people strong.

    “We love to support Locust Grove,” she said. “And the local vendors.”

    More than 1,000 people showed up despite stormy skies Sunday at Locust Grove for the annual Gardeners’ Fair and Silent Auction. (Arza Barnett/The Courier-Journal)

    She was at the fair to browse through the countless flowers set in pots and baskets across the lawn — which was strewn with hay to cover the muddy muck caused by storms the previous two days.

    One booth specialized in a kind of gardening supply that isn’t generally available at your everyday nursery: insects used for “biocontrol” of garden pests. The first two that stood out at the Entomology Solutions booth — also called Bugs Behaving Badly — were ladybugs and preying mantises, the “poster children” for beneficial insects, said owner and entomologist Blair Leano-Helvey.

    The idea is to use natural predators — or “beneficials” — to kill plant-damaging pests, instead of insecticide, she said. “It’s not a new science,” she said, but as organic produce and plants are becoming more and more popular, people are looking for ways to keep crops healthy in a more earth-friendly way. “You can’t get much more organic than beneficials,” she said.

    Nadine Stevens, 85, of Louisville, who has been gardening for more than 60 years and has made a trip to the Locust Grove gardeners’ fair for the past five years, looked at the Bugs Behaving Badly booth with interest, but didn’t seem totally sold on the idea. Any way to use fewer pesticides, though, “is a good thing,” she said.

    It’s that kind of interaction, introducing people to new ideas and educating the public about the natural world, that makes the event what it is, Ely said. And even if bugs and plants aren’t your thing, there are so many other booths and products, and even tours of the property itself, that no one should go away from the fair empty handed, she said.

    “There is something everyone can relate to.”

    Reporter Mark Boxley can be reached at (502) 582-4241 or on Twitter at @Boxleyland.

    Buckingham plot to help special needs children – The News

    The owner of a plot of land along a dead end road in Buckingham is hoping to turn part of the property into a place where special needs children can get away from it all.

    Mark Tracy has been transforming his 5500 Higginbotham Road land into Artful Gardens for the past two years and is working on getting nonprofit status and a license to work as a nursery.

    “The reason for it all is Cody,” Tracy said, speaking about his 9-year-old nephew who is autistic. “Two years ago he moved down here. I realized there’s not enough things around in this area for special needs kids, so we’re trying to build a park that’s for them.”

    On a recent Thursday, students from the Easter Seals Lily Academy in Fort Myers, a school for children with autism and related disabilities, were invited to the park.

    The half-dozen students spent a lot of time splatter-painting wooden benches, enjoying the free-spirited painting style.

    “They like it better when they do their own thing,” said Maria Botero, director at the academy. “This is more in tune with an autistic child. They all love it.”

    Tracy’s dream for Artful Gardens involves activities like this and a lot more.

    The six-acre gardens is expected to officially open later this year.

    But for Tracy, the plans run deeper and are much more involved than just a play area for special needs children.

    “I would eventually like to build a home, dorm-style, for autistic and special needs people so they could live and work here,” he said.

    Tracy added the park will also be for the parents and caregivers of those special needs children.

    “They need to take a break, too,” he said.,

    Tracy plans to hold fundraising events there and eventually hire adults with disabilities to work in the gardens, building furniture, etc.

    The gardens are about 75 percent complete with several pavilions under construction and an orchard on the property.

    The gardens are a labor of love for the retired landscaper, railroad worker and bar owner.

    “He does this as a hobby,” said his sister Gail Strope. Tracy is building a home on the property for her and Cody.

    Tracy has turned the property into an eclectic, colorful wonderland with covered rest areas, clumps of flowers and trees, paths, shallow stream-beds and sculptures.

    He and his three full-time Artful Gardens employees have built, decorated and painted a lot on their own, but Tracy welcomes any area artists to come out and let their muses run free on whatever surface is handy.

    “They can come out and do whatever they want,” he said. “It will always keep on changing, the painting or the way it looks. I might get bored with one area and dismantle it and rebuild.”

    He hopes, in the long run, many will come out to enjoy.

    Connect with this reporter: MichaelBraunNP (Facebook) @MichaelBraunNP (Twitter)

    IF YOU GO

    Artful Gardens is at 5500 Higginbotham Road, off Orange River Boulevard, in Buckingham.

    To contact Mark Tracy: His cell is 239-980-3960 and his email is gardenguymark@aol.com

    Diggin’ In: Landscaping at Mount Vernon

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    Monday, May 12, 2014 1:06 AM EDT

    Diggin’ In: Landscaping at Mount Vernon


    George Washington’s historic home of Mount Vernon contains landscaping designed by Washington himself. (Mount Vernon/Newport News Daily Press/MCT)

    As a young surveyor and before serving as our country’s first president, George Washington developed the ability to measure up a landscape and to take advantage of its natural features. He also had an eye for spatial awareness, and learned by observation, by reading, and by the study of new styles of landscape design.

    Later, he put those skills to use creating a landscape plant for his now-historic home, Mount Vernon in Fairfax, Va., along the banks of the Potomac River, according to Mount Vernon curators.

    The public can see Washington’s vision and purpose for the estate’s grounds in a new exhibit “Gardens Groves: George Washington’s Landscape and Mount Vernon.” The exhibit includes five 18th-century views of Mount Vernon — oil paintings of the river and land fronts of the mansion. Two special drawings that detail the layout of the grounds will be on view through Aug. 17, while the entire exhibit can be seen until January 2016.

    “These artwork records record details of the landscape we would not otherwise know, information that continues to inform our ongoing research and restoration efforts,” says exhibit curator Adam Erby.

    Built in stages 1758-1778, Washington’s estate and its gardens are owned and operated by the Mount Vernon Ladies Association, which was found as a preservation group in 1853.

    When George Washington returned to Mount Vernon after the American Revolution, 1775-1783, he found the estate needed extensive repairs and improvements. The buildings and grounds surrounding the mansion lacked a cohesive design because they had happened over time out of necessity rather than beauty, according to curators. Instead, he wanted a plan for “pleasure grounds” that enhanced the site’s natural beauty, which featured the crest of a hill overlooking the Potomac River.

    the gardens landscape

    Three of the four principle gardens — the upper or pleasure garden; the fruit garden and nursery; and the botanical garden — have all been restored to their 18th-century appearance, using recent research and archaeological evidence as guidelines.

    “The lower or kitchen garden remains as it was implemented in 1937, based on research at the time and its design is reflective of the Colonial Revival landscape movement,” says Dean Norton, director of horticulture

    Washington included a modern greenhouse in the upper garden, according to curators. Completed in 1789, it housed his semi-tropical and tropical plants during winter months. In spring, container plants were put out in the garden. Tall triple-hung windows allowed beneficial southern light, and could be opened to allow good air flow. A heating system with a stove room on the north side of the greenhouse attached to a series of flues that ran under the stone floor, heating the floor of the greenhouse.

    What were the original gardens like?

    The lower or kitchen garden was the first space created in 1760. It was a garden of necessity, benefitting survival and good health. For 254 years, vegetables, fruits, and berries have been cultivated within those garden walls.

    The upper garden began in 1763 as a fruit and nut garden but became a pleasure place whe Washington began his new landscape plan. Pleasure gardens — plots flowers were grown for beauty and not for use — were not that common in the 18th century. Even in Washington’s pleasure garden, flowers were only grown in borders that surrounded larger beds of edibles.

    The botanical garden was Washington’s own experimental space. He fondly called this small space his little garden and kept detailed records as to what he planted and where, according to curators. The space was intended to try out different types of plants that might be “Virginia-proof,” or could survive the harsh conditions of both winter and the summer.

    The area known as fruit garden and nursery began as a failed attempt at a vineyard, according to curators. Today, fruit trees are planted in the arrangement that Washington recorded in his diaries. The nursery area was where plants that required more space were planted — grasses, vegetables and ornamentals.

    What notes of interest did Washington leave about his gardens?

    At age 16, in his “Journal of my Journey over the Mountains” he wrote “. about 4 miles higher up the river we went through the most beautiful Groves of Sugar trees spent the best part of the Day admiring the Trees and the richness of the land.” Washington loved nature and upon return from the Revolutionary War he decided to mimic nature by creating a naturalistic garden. He spent 18 months on the design. Once it was completed, he returned to his passion — farming — and let the gardeners he hired take care of day-to-day maintenance.

    Washington left a great deal of information about his plans for Mount Vernon Estate, through his letters and diary entries, and there are a few drawings — for example, the arrangement of greenhouse spaces and the ha-ha wall (a landscape barrier that keeps grazing animals from entering turf spaces) on the east lawn.

    Washington mentions specific landscape features in his writings, such as a deer park, groves, shrubberies, and wilderness areas, but in most cases does not go into much detail, according to curators.

    In a letter to his land manager in 1776, he shares his intention to create groves to the north and south of his house. They are to be planted in a random fashion, “And that at the South, of all the clever kind of Trees (especially flowering ones) that can be got, such as Crab apple, Poplar, Dogwood.”

    Some of Washington’s best quotes are about agriculture, nature, and trees, and the comfort and peace he derived from the cultivation of the earth and the plants themselves, including one to Arthur Young in August 1786: “Agriculture has ever been amongst the most favourite amusements of my life.”

    Did Washington favor certain plants?

    Washington seemed to be partial to trees and shrubs that bloomed. He especially favored dogwoods and redbuds, so much so that he planted a circle of dogwood with a redbud in the center. The forests that surrounded Mount Vernon were full of native plants needed to lushly landscape a country seat — like poplars, elms, maples, catalpas, ash, mulberries, dogwoods, redbuds, fringe trees, service berries, sassafras that were available for transplanting. He also ordered trees from three nurseries, John Bartram’s and William Hamilton’s, both near Philadelphia, and William Prince’s in Flushing, Long Island, N.Y. Washington was interested in new plants and called them exotic, which could mean from a different state or from far distances.

    Is the landscape re-creation complete?

    Research is ongoing to make sure his estate is represented as accurately as possible, according to curators. Archaeologists are looking for gravel paths that were created in the wilderness areas in the hope that those landscape features can be restored. Exploration for the six ovals Washington mentions he wants to create on the bowling green to highlight the plants that he purchased from John Bartram’s nursery will begin within the next few years.

    What does the landscape says about his love for the land?

    Washington’s desire to conserve forest trees meant he tried to create living fences, trees planted close enough together to keep animals out of cultivated areas. He also preferred that his work force make fence rails out of already downed trees rather than cut live trees down, according to curators.

    Washington wrote to William Drayton on March 25, 1786: “Nothing in my opinion would contribute more to the welfare of these states, than the proper management of our lands; and nothing in this State particularly, seems to be less understood. The present mode of cropping practiced among us, is destructive to landed property; and must, if persisted in much longer, ultimately ruin the holders of it.”

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    BEST BOOK

    -Learn more about George Washington’s early days through author Phil Levy, who wrote the book “Where the Cherry Tree Grew: The Story of Ferry Farm, George Washington’s Boyhood Home” at www.mountvernon.org/interviews/levy

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    ABOUT MOUNT VERNON

    Location: A picturesque drive to the southern end of the scenic George Washington Memorial Parkway, Mount Vernon is located in Fairfax County, Va., about 16 miles from Washington, D.C.

    Size: 500 acres; 50 acres are open to the public. Mount Vernon consisted of 8,000 acres during George Washington’s lifetime. Gardens comprise more than six acres, and the George Washington: Pioneer Farmer site encompasses four acres.

    Hours: April-August, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.; March, September, October, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.; November — February, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.

    Admission: adults, $18; senior citizens, $17; children age 6-11, when accompanied by an adult, $9; and children under age 5, free. Learn more at www.mountvernon.org or 703-780-2000.

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